• Queen Pita in Toronto, Canada is a family owned restaurant with fantastic reviews about its falafel and its pitas. The chef used to cook for Saudi royalty.
• The Sultan’s Tent and Café Moroc also in Toronto is an intimate middle eastern experience, with plush divans and belly dancing entertainment.

Looking for more Algerian and middle eastern cuisine? Check out Canada 411 for more restaurants.

• The King Shwarama is another Toronto restaurant with bragging rights as the best Shwarama in town.
• The Jerusalem Restaurant is located in York, Ontario and has patio seating with fantastic breads and yogurt for hot days, and wonderfully authentic Meza plates with falafel and humus.
• The Pomegranate Chai is a Toronto restaurant that boasts of an authentic decor with fantastical middle eastern Arabic colors and divans for its patrons.
• Ali Baba’s restaurant is also in Toronto and is a low-key family owned restaurant that has great music and offers a bar and take out.

Whatever restaurant you choose, and whatever type of Algerian food you do choose, the people are friendly and the food is great!

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Algeria is a North African country. It lies between Morocco and Tunisia. The capital of Algeria is Algiers. The climate of Algeria is dry weather mainly. The winters are humid, and the summers are searing hot.

The majority of people in Algeria are of Arab-Berber origin. There is also a small European population of about one percent. Berber is an indigenous tribe. Berbers maintain that they are not Arabs. For long, there has been a lot of violence with the Berbers asking for autonomy.

Algeria is primarily a Sunni Muslim country. Christian and Jews make up for less than one percent. Most Algerians speak Arabic. But spoken Arabic is not consistent with what is written. Arabic written in Algeria has a much simple system of vowels as compared to the Arabic written in other countries.

Algeria is an Islamic state. The way of life and culture in Algeria is that of an Islamist state. It governs the political and economic system in Algeria and the legal system too.

Algerians are family people. They place a high regard to the value of family in their lives. Their social relations are very much based on strong bonds. Family always comes first. No individual is above the family. Algerians maintain a hierarchy in the family system. The elder people get a place of prominence for making decisions and approving them.

Algerians are gregarious people. When they meet they speak at length. They ask on one another’s family, job, house and other general things.

Holidays are great opportunities to travel since many people have time off from their jobs and schools. Try taking the family on ski holidays 2012-style by going to Algiers in North Africa. Many of the ski resorts offer group prices, which can help those with several children.

Here are a few of the extras that some of the ski resorts offer for groups:

• Free name changes on charter flights
• Pre-booked specially priced ski passes and ski packs
• Free lift passes for group leaders
• Free ski hire or carriage hire for group leaders
• Flexibility on airport departures
• Low deposits
• Free gifts, such as a case of Virgin Wines with reservations made before July 11, 2011 for ten or more at certain resorts.
• Two for one lift packs

Most ski deals offer on-site ski instructors and schools, equipment rentals and sales, and ski apparel, such as hats, coveralls, boots and sun goggles. Easily found everywhere are both the four-star and family restaurants, so there‘s something for everyone.

Hotels are plenty, but so are the houses for rent. Live life to the fullest in a real home with laundry facilities, a fireplace and a full pantry. Many of them have several roomy bedrooms and they’re close to restaurants, clubs, one-of-a-kind boutique shopping and fitness facilities.

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Life can get stressful, and many people have found that a vacation is just what they need to rejuvenate. Whether you’re thinking of taking a second honeymoon, a family vacation, or traveling by yourself, vacationing can be very relaxing. One of the best vacation ideas is to go on a cruise. Cruises can be as expensive or affordable as you want, but your vacation will be priceless.

Opinions of the best cruises can vary from person to person, depending on their preferences. The great things about cruises is that each one is unique. Budgets, desired features, age of travelers, cruise length, and cruise location can all affect what type of cruise you want to take. You can search online for some of the best cruise deals.

Basic ideas of cruises can be misleading. If you think you can’t go on a cruise because you don’t have the time or money, you may be completely wrong. Every cruise is different, so you can always find one that you can afford and is the perfect length for you. You may also want to go on a fancy cruise, which are available as well.

Cruises are great because there are always activities to participate in, and you can do whatever you want. You can simply relax on the deck the entire time, or you can explore the activities and entertainment offered. Most cruises include the price of entertainment and activities with the initial cost, so you can participate in anything you want to without having to pay extra.

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Algeria’s history has been tumultuous and the country’s legal system is a reflection of its past as well as the present. Rome occupied what is now Algeria for 600 years and implanted Roman law as the law of the land.  France established rule over Algeria as a French colony in 1830 and maintained power until the French were forced to leave the country. As a result, the Algerian legal system contains elements of Roman, French and Algerian law. Islamic law also has a strong influence on the legal system in Algeria and is the country’s official religion under the constitution.

Under the Algerian legal system there are three branches of government involved in creating and administering legal matters. The president and his administration implement the law. The Parliment provides civil and criminal legislation for the president’s approval.  The country’s courts make up the third branch and render decisions on legal issues.

The courts system contains three levels of judiciary. The Daria tribunal courts hear all civil matters and some criminal cases. Each of the country’s 48 provinces has Wilaya court composed of four chambers with three judge panels to hear lower court appeals and criminal cases. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country’s legal system.

Two noteworthy elements of Algeria’s constitution and rule of law are the Code of the Family and the Law of Associations. The Code of the Family was first introduced in 1984 and integrates Islamic law into the legal system. The Law of Associations was first enacted in 1987 to restrict associations activities, with severe penalties. It has been amended several times to provide greater freedom.

 

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Fish dishes are very popular in Algeria. There are certain things that should be known while in Algeria. Alcohol is not available for sale in the country and it can be found only in the expensive hotels and restaurants. The hotel bars remain open as long as there is custom. Though the country is famous for its good wines, only few are served in the own country.

Some of the special food items in this country are brochettes, couscous, stews, and traditional diet. Normally, brochettes are sold in French bread with spicy sauce. Couscous is a type of pasta and it looks like semolina, this is prepared from cracked wheat and this food is normally consumed by most people in this country as well as in most of the North African countries.

Most popular stews are shakshuka and tajine. Shakshuka is served with vegetables whereas tajine is served with chicken or lamb. This is also another everyday dish. The desert people in the country prefer pressed figs, dates, and hard cheese during their travel. The most popular drinks are sweet coffee and golden colored mint tea.

The time in Moscow was really nice. Apart from the business meeting, I took my wife to some popular sightseeing spots such as Red Square and Novodevichy Convent, which are really famous and worthy-seeing. The car hiring made our tour really comfortable and convenient because the rental car is in good condition and we could make good use of the time by driving car by ourselves. We all agreed that was a great car hiring experience in Moscow.

Firstly, we went towards Akuna Bay, the beautiful secluded bay, where you can hire a boathouse and float around the pacific all the daylong. If you love fishing, then do not forget to visit Batemans Bay, the best fishing spot in Australia. It is the great place for both adults and children, whole family can enjoy there. One will have wonderful time visiting Kangaroo Valley, most beautiful valley in Australia. You find plenty of wildlife and best wines in this place.

If you are interested in sports, then do visit Nelson Bay, the beach that offers best adventure sports and you will defiantly enjoy the place. Do visit Tumut, the must to see place and do stay in wooded cabin and enjoy the beauty of Tumut River. As this is near to the snowy mountains, you can have skiing and driving. Altogether, we had a wonderful in Sydney and the whole credit goes to this wonderful site. As we were new to the place, the car driver helped us in visiting all the interesting places in Sydney.

Algeria important customs includes the concept of honor. Honor is an important building block of the culture. Any behavior of someone in the family is attributed to the entire family. The population in Algeria firmly believes that an individual can bring shame on the family.

During travel to Algeria, it is important to not insult the people. Criticizing or insulting the person can quickly spoil the relationship. Greetings are important in Algeria, and this has been true throughout history. The greeting can be quite lengthy.

A handshake can last quite a while to show affection and hospitality. During a greeting, it is customary to ask about the person’s family, job, weather, and other relevant things to their life.

Meeting women in Algeria follows traditional customs. A person should avoid excessive eye contact with a woman. The initial act should be a nod. It is customary to wait to see if a hand will be extended to you. The majority of the population in Algeria speak French and Arabic.

Gift giving is important in Algeria. This custom is used to firmly establish the relationship, and the gesture of giving the gift supersedes the actual gift given. It is the gesture that really matters.

Children in Algeria truly enjoy sweets. Also, the gift will not likely be opened in your presence. It is customary to open the gift later. If invited to the home of an Algerian, the host will most commonly be Muslim.

It is important to observe certain rules of etiquette. For example, it is not a good idea to bring alcohol. The shoes of the guest should be removed before entering the home, and men and women will most likely be seated separately.

In conclusion, the eldest guest should be acknowledged first. Next, greet every person individually. These are just a few tips that will help a person be successful when traveling to their land.

Algeria is experiencing conflict that is related to the constant power struggle. Recently, the violence is escalating in this nation. The government uses oppressive measures to operate the country.

The conflict in Algeria affects future oil and gas prices for Europe, so Europeans are particularly concerned about what happens in Algeria. The Europeans follow the events in Algeria because they know that the turmoil in the population can result in consequences for European countries.

What happens in the land of Algeria will have an impact on the neighboring countries surrounding this nation. Tunisia and Morocco will both be impacted by any changes in law in Algeria. This nation already has a brutal past. The fight for independence was particularly bloody and long.

Many lives were lost in an effort to secure their freedom from France. Prior to French occupation, Algeria was invaded by other nations. For instance, Rome occupied this region for more than 600 years.

The more Europe becomes concerned with the conflict in the Middle East, Europe will be less sensitive to the U.S. Europe understands the impact that Middle Eastern nations can have on Europe.

The nations in the United Nations have to come to some conclusions regarding the conflict in Algeria. It is important to understand the root causes of the conflict. Does the turmoil stem from customs and social issues?, or is the problem the result of politics and the economy?

The root of the problem will determine the nature of the remedy. World leaders must truly understand the nature of the problems in Algeria to offer leaders in Algeria advice or assistance.

The future of Algeria is uncertain right now. There is much work to be done to create a stable society and economy. The people in this nation want what most other people want. They want to be able to earn an honest living and provide for their families. They want to be free from oppression. The population in Algeria wants to be able to travel freely without consequences.

The population of Algeria is approximately 34,895,000. At least 99% of this population is classified as Berber or Arab. More than 90% of Algerians live in the costal northern region of Algeria.

The climate in the Sahara is hot and humid. The temperatures get very high. Temperatures past 100 degrees is common in the Saharan desert. The costal region has more moderate temperatures. In addition, there is a substantial amount of rain all through the year.

A minority of the population live in the oases in the Sahara. Approximately 1.5 million of the Algerian people are either nomadic or partly nomadic. Also, the fertility rate in this nation is low. More than 30 percent of the population is age 15 or below.

The majority of Algerians speak Algerian Arabic. More than 83% speak this language. Approximately 15% speak the dialect of the Berbers. French is understood by most of the population of Algeria. In addition, Arabic is also taught to most youth in this nation.

Europeans only make up 1% of the population in the land. They inhabit the metropolitan areas of the nation. This is different than in the prior history of the country. During the colonial periods of Algeria, the percentage of Europeans was about 15.2. The European inhabitants were concentrated on the costal regions of Algeria.

When Algeria became independent from France, almost all of the European residents migrated to other areas. Many returned to Europe after the liberation of Algeria.

The turmoil in Algeria is not over. Presently, the people of this nation are protesting the government law and rule. They are frustrated with some of the oppressive conditions in the nation. Unemployment rates are about 30% and poverty is rampant. The people of this nation long for rule that truly looks out for the best interest of all Algerians.

Algeria lies in the northern portion of Africa mostly between latitudes 19 degrees and 37 degrees north. The coastal part of Algeria is hilly and mountainous. The climate in this land can be extremely hot all year.

The climate does feel more cool at night when the sun sets. There are great variations in daily temperatures in Algeria. There is abundant rainfall along the northern area of eastern Algeria. When it is necessary to travel further inland, the rainfall level is not as high. The climate in Algeria brings different changes, and the government also brings varied changes in the law.

The government in Algeria is run by a president that serves a five year term. The president can serve more than one five year term. The law used to limit the president to two five year terms, but the limitation was taken away in 2008.

The president serves as the head of the Council of Ministers and High Security Council in Algeria. The national age of voting is 18 in Algeria. In addition, the Parliament is composed of an upper and lower chamber.

Currently, Algeria has more than 40 political parties that are active in the land. Algeria has come a long way from its rough history of being invaded by several nations. It took many years for Algeria to gain its freedom from France. Before France, other countries had ruled Algeria.

The liberation from French law involved much blood shed among the population of Algeria. Men, women, and children shed their blood. Most of those killed were those in the military.

The nation of Algeria still has struggles in today’s modern culture. There are high rates of unemployment, poverty, and oppression. The people of Algeria are calling for more equal treatment from the government. They are demanding a change in how their country is run.

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Every year the same question comes up: what to do around the Christmas holiday to avoid just sitting around the house during break? A wonderful tradition in many families is to take off for a ski trip every year. Finding a good resort to visit will offer a variety of fun to be enjoyed by everyone.

Of course, there is skiing and snowboarding to be enjoyed all day long. In addition to the slopes, there is always hanging out in the lodge, usually with a variety of food, drink and places to hang out with the family. Nightlife at the resort areas is usually happening as well, with music and dancing. In addition to the lodge, there is often nightclubs as well as family oriented venues suitable for children to have fun.

Christmas time is the perfect time to go skiing and have fun with the family. Resorts are so competitive to get your business for a family vacation, that ski deals can be readily found. Resorts at Christmas time are booming with excitement and it is definitely one of the most active times to visit and even meet other families. A family will find that there is definitely fun for everyone. With plenty of other families and kids of all ages, everyone will have a great time.

Of course, one of the best places to look for ski deals is on the Internet. Simply search for the location you want to enjoy and you’ll quickly find a variety of options. Often, travel agents will also have access to deals on ski trips, or you can call up the resorts and just ask if they offer any deals.

Making skiing a part of your Christmas holiday tradition, or even just trying it out, is an excellent choice for the entire family.

Algeria has a rich history of different governmental rules. This nation had to fight very hard to gain their independence from the nation of France.

The first president of the independent government of Algeria was Ahmed Ben Bella. The law of Ben Bella was not popular, and in 1965, the government of Ahmed Ben Bella was overthrown by Houari Boumédienne. Algeria law reflected more authoritarian and socialist rhetoric during the reign of both of these presidents.

In contrast to Ahmed Ben Bella, Boumedienne used a heavy military presence to keep the population in order. This was totally different than his predecessor. Agriculture and industrialization were launched full fledged. Also, there was a mass extraction of natural resources like oil and gas.

Algeria’s economy became extremely dependent on oil. This became a problem during the 1980’s when there was a oil crisis during this time. Modernization was prevalent during this time in Algeria’s history. Village customs changed tremendously. A great urbanization began to take place in the land.

One big change was education. There was a move to educate more people in the population, so the rate of literacy rose from 10% to 60%. Also, female fertility seemed to increase substantially. Each mother was having an average of 7-8 kids per family.

The 1980’s was a time in which the youth tried to come to terms with the nations obsession with the prior war years. During this time, there was an extreme housing crisis brought on by certain government law.

Algerian Civil War broke out after 1991. There was mass conflict among the political entities. All political parties that were founded on religion were banned. This war killed nearly 160,000 people during this time. The war started to burn out around 1998. The country began to establish some semblance of order again.

Algeria has some very distinct customs that include certain foods. For example, the staple of their diet is couscous. This wheat dish is steamed and served with vegetables, gravy, lamb or chicken.

The entire culture and population in Algeria consider this meal as “food.” It is considered a very basic meal in this culture. Onions, turnips, red peppers, and raisins are common seasonings in this culture. In addition, salt, cumin, pepper, and coriander are important flavors in the culture.

Customs in Algeria include roasting a lamb over a open fire. This practice goes way back into their history, and this food is as natural to the people as their warm climate.

The government of Algeria has oil and gas as the primary sources of revenue. The land has abundant resources of these natural fuels. Algerian law favors industry more than farming, so there are more benefits to those in industry. There are many evils that hinder the farming industry. Droughts, poor irrigation, and the desert are all major problems for farmers in Algeria. The climate is also not conducive to agriculture at certain times of the year.

The government of Algeria employs about 30 percent of the population in the land. Another approximately 16 percent work in construction or public work. Those in industry account for about 13 percent of the population, and there are about 5 percent employed in communications and transportation.

There is still a huge problem of unemployment in the land. Many adult men must travel to other cities to find places to work and earn money. Some immigrate to France to find employment, and they come back during the summer to visit their families.

Algeria is located in northern Africa, and it is the second largest country in Africa. Originally Berbers occupied this land. The history of Algeria stems all the way back to these first people in this region. The Phoenicians invaded the land, and this changed history forever.

The cities of Constantine and Annaba were built along the Mediterranean coast. The Phoenicians interacted very little with the Algerians. These invaders did teach the Algerian people how to raise crops in the African climate.

The Romans began establishing Roman law in Algeria, and the Romans ruled the government in Algeria for a period of 600 years. Numidia is the name they gave to the new kingdom that lasted for 600 years.

The land was captured again in 1510 by Spain. Law changed again when in the 19^th century the French began to travel into Algeria. The French took over the government again. French people began to move to Algeria in large numbers. They were intent on replacing Algeria’s customs with French customs.

In 1954, Algeria began to fight for its independence from the French. The National Liberation Army starting attacking the French strongholds. During the next four years, the French government shipped over half a million troops into the land of Algeria.

The United Nations and the U.S. were against the tactics the French used to gain control. The French resorted to torturing and capturing people. De Gaulle issued a promise in 1959 to the nation of Algeria. He was now the president of France, and he made a promise for freedom from the French government.

In 1962, Algeria had finally secured its independence. This nation was finally free from French rule. It had been a long, arduous journey but Algeria was finally free to govern itself.

We can talk politics or natural disasters, history always repeats itself and he have the opportunity to learn from it and stop the repetition as long as we go back and learn from where we came from and want to learn where we are headed. It doesn’t take much to turn on the television and see what is happening around the world and even here in our own country to see that these similar events have already taken place.

Economy’s, race’s and entire countries are in turmoil at current date and it has all happened before, Maybe not at the exact location and time but it has happened and we haven’t taken the time to realize the similarities to prevent them from happening again over and over.

There are people out there who do see what is going on and some are taken seriously while others are mocked. The truth is we could all learn from our mistakes and correct the error of our ways. Some things to look out for,

• global economies, what is happening in your own country
• politics, if it hasn’t worked before why are we trying it again
• natural disasters, if the flood took your home more than once why are you rebuilding,”again”

This writer doesn’t mean any harm nor am I trying to conclude that we are all idiots, but some things happen for a logical and sometime scientific or natural reason. Learn from them and grow as a person and as a people.

This will create less hardship and fewer fatalities in the future, that’s all I am saying.

Can any one explain to me then why just two weeks ago every state in the country except for Florida had snow in it. the eastern sea board for the past two years has been hit with unexplainable snow storms causing cities to literally shut down.

So much has come out in the past year to debunk the idea of global warming however it is a business and if these people want to continue to put money in their pockets then they will need to continue to come up with different stories on why their theories should hold water.

Until these crazy winters stop paralyzing the country no one is going to be selling global waring with much success. If you can legitimately explain why we should listen to the stories then I will be the first to listen and many people will follow however with the state of the climate in today’s news I doubt to many people now or any time soon will be listening to your stories.

When I was growing up it was all about the ozone, today it is global warming and when my young daughter enters her tweenties and thirties I’m sure there will be some new and improved story on why and how to save the planet as long as it is making someone some money some how.

Don;t get me wrong I’m all about keeping the planet healthy and in the same or better shape than we found it for our children but stop already with the global warming when forty eight out of fifty states are under snow.

These are what social programs were created for, for non-active economic members of the community. These certain indiviuals are a negative impact on the population as there money is being used to suport these certain individuals. These tax dollars spent on these people could be kept in the pockets of active members and then either spent or invested in the community creating a much more economic beneficial cycle.

Although every community has them and always will these people could be and should be cared for by private donations that if not taxed so heavily more people would donate to these projects.

A more positive way communitities are impacted is by the greater number of people who are active and are generating income and streaming it back into the community to keep it vibrant and above ground financially. These individuals are pro contributors to the community and their dollars and earned and spent in that same community, for the most part.

It is these to groups of people that are found in every community across this country and as long as the contributing members strongly out weigh the non contributing members the community as a whole will continue to work.

Some of the factors that come into play when discussing contributing versus not contributing are the,

• employment rate in that community
• the housing market
• availability to social programs and the non profit organizations in that community
• the proactiveness the the churches to help individuals and their families to keep them off those social programs

These are just to name a few. So next time you are in a different town than which you live in, take a look around and see if you can learn any thing from what they are doing to keep their community thriving and bring those ideas back home with you.

• a traditional hotel
• a bed and breakfast
• timeshare unit
• a rental home or condo

These are just a few options and they all have their own benefits. A hotel serves well when your looking for all the leisure’s and amenities of a full service accommodation type setting, such as a spa and room service.

A bed and breakfast can offer up some great locations at some affordable pricing. You also get the service of some one else preparing meals for you when you are in and they usually have wonderful trip advice for your stay.

Timeshare accommodations depending on your choice offers you all the creature comforts of home with the accommodations and the benefits of a resort style vacation. Some resorts offer spa’s, restaurants, and many other amenities sometimes not even found at a hotel.

Renting a home or condo for your vacation is absolutely a great way to travel when taking the entire family and you need the extra space. Not to mention these accommodations offer kitchen facilities so a big party could save a tremendous amount of money on meals when you don’t have to eat out for every meal. Many of these rental homes are also located in some of the greatest vacation spots in the world so supply is usually not a problem.

Like I said in the beginning these are just a sample of the type of accommodations you have at your disposal and are not meant to be your final choice. Do your research and figure out what will work best for you on your particular vacation.

The way one travels and the style they choose should not determine the destination, you can still see Paris or London on a shoe string budget. Learning how to travel on this sort of budget may not always be the funnest way to travel however you can still visit all the same historical and beautiful sights once you have reached your destination.

Here are a couple of hints when traveling on a budget,

• search all the major websites for travel discounts
• try and make flight and hotel accommodations into a bundle to save even more
• look into bed and breakfast lodging, it is usually cheaper than a traditional hotel
• plan your trip ahead of time, know where and what you are going to do before you go

Traveling on a whim is usually much more expensive than knowing what and where you are going before you get there. If you happen to know someone where you are traveling to try staying with them a couple of nights and save that way. And while you are with them get all the name of the local places to eat and visit as these are always much cheaper than those that are in the travel districts.

Finally know your limitations, if you can not afford to visit a certain sight than steer clear of that place. Nothing is worse than wanting do go somewhere and torturing yourself over whether or not you should go, if it is not on your list it is not an option.

Keep all these things in mind and your vacation should prove to be one of your best as long as you stick to the script.

Types of Souvenirs. The most common types of souvenirs include leatherware that is handcrafted, hand woven rugs, copper jewelry and brass items. Local dresses and outfits are also common souvenirs. Some souvenirs that are local to the area also include intricately dyed basketwork that comes from the Sahara region and Berber carpets that are handcrafted and beautifully designed. Handcrafted pottery is also very popular in the Algerian area. Pottery is usually painted in beautiful colors and by hand.

Purchasing Items on the Streets. Algeria is filled with a lot of street vendors. Some of the best souvenirs come from these street vendors. There are a few things to remember when purchasing items from street vendors in Algeria. First, you should make sure that the items are not counterfeit. Counterfeit items can land you in trouble with the Algerian government as well as the United States government. Second, bargaining is a very big part of the street vendor service. So what price they ask is not what they expect and you have a lot of room to bargain when it comes to street vendors and small local Algerian shops. The best place to find small local shops and street vendors is at the rue Didouche Mourad which is the largest shopping district in Algeria.

Base Priced Stores. There are three places that you can purchase base priced items. These items are set at a price and there is no bargaining required. You can purchase the items at the Algiers airport and two locally run craft centers.

Fake Roadblocks. Fake roadblocks are a common problem in the outskirts of Algeria. People will set up roadblocks that look like a normal roadblock that are put up by the government. When the people stop at the fake roadblocks the people will rob them and sometimes kill them. This is why it is recommended that you always travel with an Algerian guide as they will know how to avoid these roadblocks.

Car Jacking. Car jackings are very common in Algeria. Sometimes these occur by having the people set up fake roadblocks. Other times the people just walk right up to the car and will take the car. Many times it is recommended to just let them have the vehicle as these people have been known to murder or kill over the vehicle.

Car Bombings. Car bombings have become a regular problem in Algeria. While there is nothing that you can do to prevent a car bombing attack you can try to stay in well known hotels and off the streets at night.

Terrorist Attacks. Algeria is still at risk of terrorist attacks even in the city capital. These attacks are done from the back of wheeled vehicles and include multiple guns and shootings.

Kidnappings. Kidnappings are a major concern for travelers. Terrorist groups will often try to kidnap overseas visitors in an attempt to gain notability and the attention of the Algerian government. It is advised to travel in groups through Algeria due to the concern over kidnappings.

Arabic. Arabic was the official national language of Algeria. Throughout the country of Algeria everything is spoken in standard Arabic. Over 83% of the population speaks some form of Arabic. It is believed that 78% of those that speak Arabic speak the Algerian Arabic and 5% speak Hassaniya. Even those that speak other languages speak Arabic as a second language.

Berber. Berber was made a co-national language of Algeria in 2002. About 40% of the population speaks Berber. However, Berber is most popularly used in the Aures, Kabylia and Sahara. Berber is still commonly used in the Algerian capital city. It is assumed that historically Berber was the main language of Algeria and was replaced over the years with Arabic which is why Berber was added as a national language in 2002.

French. French is the most popular foreign language of choice by those in Algeria. It is taught in every Algerian school. Even those that do not know how to speak French fluently understand the language and can speak a little bit of it. In recent years French has started to make its way into the early classroom curriculum. Occasionally French will be used by the major national media outlets and found in the newspapers and news programs.

English. English has started to make its way into the Algerian language. In the 1990s it was decided to start teaching English to those in middle school to allow them to become accustomed to the language. However, English is not widely spoken in the country of Algeria.

Political System. Algeria is set up in a presidential republic with a mix of constitutional republic. A presidential republic allows the president of the country to be considered a head of state while the prime minister of the country runs the governmental side of it. The constitutional republic side comes in with the public voting who they wish to have elected to office.

Voting Age. Algeria allows citizens of the country to vote once they turn 18.

The President. The President of Algeria is a head of state that is used like a political diplomat. The President is voted into office for a five year term. In 2008, the Algerian constitution was changed to allow any Algerian President to run for multiple terms.

The Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Algeria and is in charge of the government aspect of the country.

The Parliament. The Algerian parliament is considered bicameral which means it is made up of two chambers. The two chambers are the National People’s Assembly and the Council of Nation. The National People’s Assembly is made up of 380 members that are elected to their position by the public. The Council of Nation is appointed to office by the Prime Minister and is made up of 144 people.

Election Terms. The National People’s Assembly is elected to their position in parliament for a period of five years. They are allowed to run again after their term has expired. The Council of Nation stays in office until the Prime Minister wishes to change who is in office.

In 1990 the violence in Algeria reached an all time high. Previously there had been some terrorist activities but nothing like how it was in 1990. It was estimated that over 150,000  deaths were caused by terrorist activities. There were constant bombings, car bombings and random street violence throughout Algeria.

The Algerian government has done a lot since the 1990s to address the underlying violence that the nation has. The first step to addressing the violence included addressing the major issues that were causing the terrorist activities. This involved working with the opposing forces to address the main concerns that were being presented.

While Algeria has not seen a period of intense peace it has seen a lot of the political turmoil and terrorist activities diminish. This is due to President Bouteflika’s Charter of Peace and National Reconciliation. Many extreme groups that were the cause of the turmoil and terrorist activities have signed this charter and started to move on. This compromise with these groups has allowed Algeria to recover from the extremely violent conditions it used to have.

Even with this Charter of Peace and National Reconciliation there is still a threat to those that are in Algeria. The most extreme threat that presents itself is that of the extreme group of Islamists known as al-Qaida. These groups are still responsible for a large majority of the political and religious turmoil that Algeria experiences today.

The Algerian educational system was almost non-existent when Algeria was under French rule. Education was dependent upon parents teaching children and no real structure or educational system was in place. However, once Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962 it was able to start developing an educational system.

It wasn’t until 1999 that Algeria was really able to devote the energy and resources to a properly built educational system structure. The newly developed educational system requires that students attend school until the age of 16. The government funds the educational system and pays for all students’ education. It is estimated that over five million Algerian children attend a school through the Algerian educational system.

However, there are limitations to the Algerian educational system. Algeria is a country that is constantly growing in population. This population growth has put a high demand on teachers and larger schools. However, the country of Algeria does not have the funds or resources to devote to more teachers or larger schools. It is not uncommon to see small school structures cramped with students or teachers overwhelmed with students because of this demand on the educational system.

Due to this limitation it has caused the country to devote the time and energy to their educational system. In 2004, Algeria launched an extensive educational reform review that looks at the whole educational system and how it can be improved.

Despite the efforts to devote educational resources, Algeria still does not have an established college or university. Students who wish to continue their education must attend a college or university in Europe or Canada.

Travelers to Algeria are advised to stay away from the bootlegged or counterfeit goods for a number of reasons. The first reason is that it is against the law in their country of origin. Even if nothing happens to the traveler when they purchase the bootlegged or counterfeit goods, something could happen when they land. For example, if a United States citizen purchases counterfeit goods in Algeria and travels back to the United States. While they are in customs coming back into the country the counterfeit goods could be found and the traveler could be punished according to the United States laws. Most laws in the United States require fines and jail time depending upon the type of counterfeit goods.

The second reason that travelers should avoid bootlegged or counterfeit goods is because it could be against the law in Algeria. Algeria has a lot of areas that are governed by local laws. Depending upon the local law in the area you purchased the good it could be against the law. Breaking Algerian law could result in stiff fines, harsh jail conditions, being expelled from the country and other punishments. It is hard to say what the consequence will be because many of the Algerian areas have their own independent laws and consequences.

Even though it might seem innocent enough to purchase bootlegged or counterfeit items while traveling through Algeria it is best that you stay away from them. You never know what laws you could be breaking and fines or jail time can be very hefty depending upon the infraction.

Have Accommodations Ready.  The Algerian boarder crossing will not grant you a tourist visa unless you can show proof that you have accommodations ready for you in Algeria. This can be a hotel, friend or a vacation rental. You should have proper documentation that you are confirmed to stay there. Make sure you have at least three copies of the documentations so that you can provide one to the boarder crossing station and keep the rest.

Have a Guide Ready. It is recommended that you get a travel guide while you are in Algeria. However, you stand a better chance of being granted a tourist visa if you already have a guide lined up and ready. Guides will also ensure your safety in parts of Algeria where it is unsafe to travel unaccompanied.

Have all Documentation Ready. Even though you are getting a visa at the boarder you will still be required to present the necessary documentation. You will have to show a valid passport that still has at least six months remaining until it expires. You will also be required to pay the visa fee for an Algerian visa, this fee is currently $135.

Remember that even though you have all these items you may not be approved to enter Algeria. The boarder crossing station is not required to issue a tourist visa.

Passport Requirement. You will be required to have a United States passport in order to apply for a tourist visa. However, unlike some countries the passport needs to be valid for at least six months before you can apply for a tourist visa to Algeria.

Photography Requirements. It is standard procedure to have to take a photo for your passport. However, the Embassy of Algeria requires that a United States citizen submit two recent photos of themselves taken with a completely white background.

A Visa Fee. In order to apply for a tourist visa to Algeria you will have to pay a processing fee. This fee can only be paid via a money order. The current fee for a tourist visa to Algeria is around $135.

Visa Application. The visa application for tourists to Algeria must be typed out. There is also a requirement that the applicants send in two copies of the application to the Embassy of Algeria. All documentation must have a hand written signature to verify the authenticity of the papers.Otherwise you may face legal issues.

Flight Schedule. When applying for a tourist visa to Algeria you will be required to submit a flight schedule detailing what airline you will be taking, when you leave, where you will arrive in Algeria and when you leave Algeria. Without this information your tourist visa will be denied.

Exotic Birds. There are over 401 different exotic birds that can be seen in the country of Algeria. Many of these exotic birds are protected by Algerian animal preservation laws and cannot be taken out of the county. However, there are some exotic birds that have been exported to local zoos. These animals that are available for export from Algeria include ostriches and flamingos.

Endangered Species. Almost all the endangered species that are found in Algeria are protected under the Algerian preservation acts. These acts prohibit the hunting of these animals. Some of these endangered species are sent out to local zoos in order to help protect these endangered animals. Animals that are protected under the Algerian preservation act include African bats, Algerian wild dog, a barbary macques and a serval.

Extinct Species. It is against the law to hunt or capture any of the following animals should you come into contact with them: the scimitar oryx and the Barbary lion. While it is unlikely you would come into contact with these species it is important to know the laws of Algeria in regards to these animals.

Email monitoring refers to the monitoring of all communication that is done via email. This is done through a complex security system that tracks and records every email that is sent through the system. Generally countries that have email monitoring laws do not have private internet service providers and require citizens to sign into a government run internet service provider. It is through this service provider that the emails and internet actions are tracked.

Email monitoring is put into effect because countries fear that their citizens and visitors may be engaging in illegal activities that could compromise the security of the country. It is believed that by tracking email communications countries are able to pin point security attacks and other problems that might arise. Email monitoring is also put into effect to prevent state secrets and other information being leaked to the surrounding public.

Algeria is amongst over a hundred different countries that currently does not have any type of email monitoring laws. Algeria also does not limit the internet access that visitors and citizens have. This allows anyone, whether they are visiting the country or a citizen, to be able to use their email and Internet without having to worry about the government tracking and monitoring any ingoing and outgoing emails and watching their every move on the Internet.

Keeping an honorable reputation is important to Algerians. They will even go so far as to tell people what they think the others want to hear even when it is not the truth as they feel this protects their good names. Always keep this in mind during communication with Algerians. You do not want to be the cause of them losing face. There is no other place on earth that the saying “You scratch my back and I will scratch yours” is truer than Algeria. Doing favors for each other is a popular concept.

When it comes to business meetings, it is necessary to make appointments and make them as far ahead of time as possible. Also, confirm any scheduled meetings a day or 2 prior. Do not schedule meetings during Ramadan, and keep in mind that Fridays are the Muslim holiday so most companies are not in operation then. Do your best to arrive for the meetings on time and be ready to wait. Algerian businesses that are used to international companies will try to be on time. However, it is sometimes hard for them to do this.

Generally speaking, Algerians practice an open door policy that does not exclude meetings. So you need to be ready for frequent interruptions. Other people may even come in and start talking about something different in the middle of your meeting. You are free to participate but do not change the topic back to your business until that person leaves.

Some national specialties include brochettes in French bread that are covered with a spicy sauce, couscous, and chickpea cakes. There are also stews such as shakshuka with tajine and vegetables. Lamb and chicken are also used in these stews and are very popular dishes. The traditional diet followed by desert nomads is based on the meat of the goats or sheep they herd along with couscous. Desert people also carry hard cheese and pressed figs or dates, all of which stay edible for a long time.

Algerian national drinks are also a pleasure to experience. The golden-colored mint tea and sweet, strong coffee, also known as Turkish coffee, is enjoyed whenever people gather to relax and talk. Try to sample Medea, Mascara and Mansourah red and rose` wines if possible.

Alcohol is not readily available for sale. It is only to be found in the more upscale hotels and restaurants. Hotel bars usually stay open as long as they have customers. Although, there are some very wonderful and flavorful wines made in Algeria, not many of them are served there. All major hotels usually have decent cellars of European wines.

If you are dining in a restaurant, remember to always tip your server. It is customary to tip at least 10 percent of your total bill.

In the smaller cities and towns, the nightlife activities that are available tend to cater mostly to men. Women typically do not take part in a lot of the spicier nightlife entertainment. That does not mean that women cannot find things to enjoy outside of the cultural tour. For instance, you can visit a cafe and get to know the local residents better while sharing a cup of coffee or tea. While you are chatting and getting acquainted, you may find out that there is a club or bar close by.

The majority of clubs in Algeria can be found in the local hotels. These are frequented by a significant amount of local men as well as a wide variety of tourists that may be visiting. Some of the clubs only allow the patrons of their hotels to visit them because the local residents may not approve of the mixed dancing. These clubs usually feature a variety of live music provided by bands, or they can feature a DJ that will spin vinyl records starting later in the evening and keep you dancing until well past midnight.

If you happen to be visiting Algeria, you will find that most of the nightlife there will be in the form of hotel operated clubs or bars. That is something that you may want to take into consideration when choosing the hotel you want to stay in while in Algeria.

Muslims must pray 5 times a day. These prayer times are at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening. Prayer times are listed daily in the local newspaper. The Muslim holy day is Friday and no businesses are open that day. Many of them close on Thursday, making a 4 day weekend. The holy month of Ramadan requires all Muslims to fast from sunup to sundown and can only work 6 hours each day. This means no eating, drinking, gum chewing or cigarette smoking.

The family is the most important part of the Algerian social system. It also defines social relations. An individual is always submissive to the family. In Algeria, the family comes above everything. This leads to the concept of honor, which is the foundation of the Algerian society.

Honor is an integral part of the good name or reputation of a family. If someone is an honorable person, their family is also honorable. However, if someone commits a dishonorable act, it brings dishonor upon the entire family. Things that can cause dishonor include insulting, criticizing or otherwise making them uncomfortable.

These things are all very important and revered parts of the Algerian culture. Those visiting this country should keep this in mind and be respectful of all of the customs observed by the native people ling there.

This is a country that suffers from much foreign debt and entered into an agreement with the IMF during April of 1994. After this agreement, Algeria’s economy has once again experienced a growth spurt. This has helped to improve the country’s standard of living.

Algeria has at least one quarter of its population participating in agriculture. The soil of Algeria is legendary for its high fertility. A large portion of Algeria’s crop production is exported to various countries all over the world. In fact, Algeria devotes more than 30,000 square kilometers of its land to the production of agriculture.

Barley, wheat and oats are the main crops produced. Other crops also produced include a significant amount of citrus fruits and a large variety of vegetables. Algeria is also known as Africa’s largest producer of oats.

Algeria also scores pretty high in its industrial sector. It is here that the biggest variety of wine is produced. The reason for this is the very fertile soil that is perfect for the vineyards and boosts the growth there. There is some fishing that is used as part of the economy in Algeria but it is a minor industry compared to the agriculture and industry.

Another of the major industries here is minerals. Algeria is considered to be a storehouse when it comes to minerals. There is also revenue earned from the exporting of goods and the country has connections to Italy and France with this.
Algeria has a variety of different ways to keep their economy up and running as strongly as possible. This helps keep a good many citizens busy and the country on its feet.

Usually, an Algerian man will tell his mother of his love for a woman. His mother goes about investigating the woman and her family to see if she is suitable or not. Upon approval, the man’s family will approach the woman’s family to discuss the marriage. A date is decided upon to visit the mosque and begin the engagement.

There is a lot of preparation that goes into preparing the wedding from the time the engagement begins. The family starts buying clothes, household goods, gold and wool. This is called shoura. The couple spends time getting to know one another and planning their home. Since Islamic culture mandates that husbands and wives share equally in decision making of the marriage, they must know each other well.

Algerians believe that the more money spent for the wedding, the prouder the family can be. Women begin to gather at the bride’s house weeks prior to the wedding to make desserts. Couscous, vegetables and meat will be a part of the wedding meal.

After the party, the bride is escorted to the home of the groom. She is beautifully dressed in a magnificent wedding gown, exquisitely made up, adorned with jewelry, and carrying henna designs that have been painted on her hands and feet. There is a decorated chair in the groom’s house just for her to sit. The guests dance and celebrate in preparation of saying goodbye. The groom approaches his bride and they leave as husband and wife. They are cheered along as they leave to make their new home.

Due to the Ottoman occupation, Algerian cuisine has a fair bit of Ottoman-Turkish influence, and the different regions of the country have additional cultural influences on the food. The main culinary regions are Algiers, Oran (influenced by Moroccan cuisine), Constantine (with Tunisian influence), Kabylie and Sahara.

While each region certainly has its own specialties, there are some commonalities. Algeria produces vast quantities of fruit and vegetables which form a large part of their diet. Lamb is one of the more popular meats, and seafood and fish commonly supplement the diet.

Arabic flatbread called khabz is the main bread consumed by Algerians, and it is present at every meal. The national dish is merguez. Merguez is a heavily spiced lamb sausage, though sometimes other meats are used. It is typically grilled and serve alongside couscous. Other regional dishes include berber couscous and karantita. Karantita is similar to the Italian farinata dish, which is crisp bread made from chickpea flour. In Algeria it is heavily seasoned with cumin and harissa and is served hot. Tlemcen is famous for their pastille, which is an elaborate meat pie that generally takes two days to make.

Algerian cuisine is typically highly seasoned. Spices such as red chillies, caraway, cumin, black pepper and more are generally used in abundance.

Interestingly, Algerians are the second largest consumers of honey in the world. It can be found in pastries, teas and juices. Mint tea is the beverage of choice in the mornings but it also accompanies ceremonies and desserts. Coffee is consumed in great quantities, and Turkish coffee is among the most popular. Seasonal fruits are often served at the end of meals, though baked pastries such as nougat, asida and makroudh are also popular.

Algerian cuisine combines flavors like Scott Kay jewelry uses intricate designs; each dish is a work of art incorporating local produce and meats, along with abundant yet harmonious spices.

While Algeria has elected officials there is one position that is not elected by the people of Algeria. This is the governor-general. The governor general of Algeria is appointed by the French government.

Algeria has its own legislative body called the Assembly. This can be compared to the Senate and House of Representatives in the United States government. Each house of the Assembly has sixty members. These members create laws that only apply in Algeria. However these laws must be approved by the governor-general.

A large part of the Algerian population still do not have the right to vote. This part of the population are called the Mohammedans. Many Mohammedans have not fulfilled requirements set forth by the French. Due to this they cannot vote.

The French government has set up a department called the “Bureau of Arab Affairs”. This government office has been created in order to govern the Mohammedan. This has been done so that the culture and customs of the Mohammedan people can be preserved without interfering with the current government structure. The Mohammedan people are still very much part of the Algerian culture and have many rights within the country. In fact Mohammedans are free to hold a government position or join the army.

In summary Algeria has a democratically elected government that creates the laws for its country and people. However it is considered to be a part of France and because of that it has a heavy French influence on the laws and customs of Algeria. It is important to note that Algeria gained independence from France in 1962.

With the holidays quickly approaching, you may be wondering where you will generate some extra funds. Some people will need just a little bit of cash to get through the holidays and some will need a more substantial amount. Here are some creative ways to get the cash you need for this time of year.

If you’re in need of a substantial amount of cash consider one of the many types of short-term loans. Online lenders are available and give loans to clients with bad or no credit every day. Payday loans from lenders like paydayone.com provide short-term relief to get you over the holiday hump. There are many types of lenders that offer personal loans with flexible repayment options as well.

For smaller amounts of cash relief, there are loads of options to help you generate the cash you need. Gold prices are at an all time high; sell your broken or old gold for extra money. Collect metal like aluminum or steel and sell it to a metal recycler. Clean out every nook and cranny in the house and set aside all money you find. There will be change and dollar bills lurking where you never suspect. Have a garage sale or list some of your unused items on Craigslist or eBay. Take items back to the store that are unopened or you’ve never used; they may not give you cash, but you should get store credit.

Start freelancing doing what you do at your full-time job. Take a part time job or start a pet sitting or pet walking business. There are loads of online surveys and rewards programs where you can earn money or free items. Become a blogger and use Google’s AdSense to generate income from your blog. Whatever your need, you can generate the income you need this season.

Although not required, some people will keep holding hands following the handshake. This is a sign of warmth for each other. Kisses on the cheek are exchanged between family and friends. Women typically nod at first and wait for a hand to be extended. Do not have prolonged eye contact with women, and refrain from asking personal questions of them. Females visiting Algeria should be aware that religious men may not shake hands with them.

Using titles is important due to the society’s hierarchical nature. Try to use the honorific, professional or academic title along with the surname when introduced to someone. These titles may be in either French or Arabic since most citizens speak those languages. The titles of professor, doctor, and lawyer are quite common. Religious scholars may be addressed as Sheikh.

When attempting to cement a relationship in Algeria, gift giving is a very important part of the process. Actually, it is the gesture itself that is more important than the gift. In Algeria, you should bring fruit, flowers, or pastries when invited to someone’s home. Tulips and roses are good gifts to take. Violets, on the other hand, symbolize sadness and should be avoided.

If the household has children, take some something sweet. Find out ahead of time if the family members partake of alcohol before making a gift of it. Gifts are typically not opened when they are first received, and they are presented with the right hand or both hands.

In the 1999 Algerian election, Abdelaziz Bouteflika won the office of president by promising to put an end to violence with Islamist rebels. This inner country fighting began in 1992 following the cancellation of a parliamentary election that an Islamic party was guaranteed to win. Most Algerians were ready and happy for it to end.

Since his 1999 victory, President Bouteflika won by a landslide in both 2004 and 2009 elections. In November of 2008, he amended the constitution by eliminating the two term limit for a president. In doing so, he will effectively remain in office for the rest of this life. Some feel this move sets back democratic change.

When he first took office in 1999, President Bouteflika vowed to end years of fighting and bloodshed and restore harmony to the nation. Along with releasing thousands of Muslim militants, he won favor to offer amnesty to militants bearing arms. Many of these rebels accepted the amnesty, which saw a decline in the violence. A second amnesty for the rest of the militants was favored by voters and became the president’s charter for peace and reconciliation” referendum in 2005.

President Bouteflika has garnered praise from the West for being a champion of the “war on terror” led by the United States. In his home country of Algeria, many citizens feel he is responsible for the security that has returned to the country. This is true even though Islamist militants have once more increased their attacks since 2006.

In spite of all of that, President Bouteflika has successfully overcome many years of isolation for his country. Instead, he has welcomed many foreign heads of state and government into Algiers. Even with all of his improvements, though, he has not been able to move away from economic dependence on gas and oil. However, that does not take away from the many positive things that President Bouteflika has done for Algeria.

As the Head of State, the President guarantees national independence, integrity of the territory, and respect for the Constitution as well as the laws and execution of all treaties. Within the last 30 days of the office term, a president is elected for the next 5 year term. This election takes place by a direct and secret voting process. The president communicates with the Parliament by message or in person.

The Parliament looks after things such as the peoples’ rights and fundamental duties, general rules of family law such as marriage and divorce, nationality, the organization and creation of jurisdictions, general criminal laws and the penal procedure. They also govern the rules of civil procedure, creation, rates and collection of the taxes, and general rules of public health, teaching, and scientific research. The Parliament has a lot of thing to take care of for Algeria.

Next are the different levels of courts than handle the criminal and civil cases where the law has been broken. The highest of these is, of course, the Supreme Court. It will only hear appeals in cases including those of incompetence or power abuse, basic lack of legal merit, where the rules of procedure have been violated or omitted, and those with contradicting decisions from different courts.

Only cases with special circumstances that make the list will get to go before the Supreme court to be heard. Their decision this court makes in any case they hear is final.

Algeria is a north African country that is influenced by both French and Muslim customs, traditions and laws. Because Algeria was under French rule for a long period of time many people in Algeria speak French. However Arabic is the official language of Algeria as Islam is the religion of state. The majority of Algerian people are of the Muslim faith and this influences some Algerian laws.

The laws of Algeria have their origin in the French colonies that previously occupied Algeria. The French invaded Algeria in 1830. Before this event statutory law had already existed. When the French invaded they applied French statutory law to Algeria. This lasted until Algeria gained independence in 1962.

There are a few sources that Algerian law is based upon. Some of these are the habit, Islamic law and the natural rights and rules of equity.

The legal system that Algeria uses distributes political and legal activities between their three branches of government. The president of Algeria and his administration implement the law. Parliament is left responsible for dealing with both civil and criminal legislation and the court system makes the decisions on civil and criminal cases brought before them.

Due to the history of French rule in Algeria the current legal system is very similar to that of European countries. It even has some similarities with the legal system of the United States of America. Although the legal system is governed in a style that comes from foreign influence Algeria makes a strong attempt to preserve the culture and traditions of the country. This is shown by the fact that Algeria tries to create laws that keep the rights of the people of Algeria intact without interfering with the way that the government works.

When it comes to traveling, there are all kinds of places you can go. In your own country and throughout the world, you’ll have options where you can choose to be pampered or choose to ‘rough it’ a little bit. Depending on the kinds of things you like to do, where you want to go, and what type of vacation you’d like to have, the possibilities are literally almost endless. One of the most exotic and interesting vacation destinations is Algeria. It’s a beautiful country, full of rich culture and heritage, and it’s great to explore.

If you’re thinking about making Algeria a vacation destination, one of the things you’ll want to do is find out a lot about it before you go there. Are there areas you should avoid? What about the food and the language and the safety of the water? Do you need a guide, or are you safe to travel alone? How are foreigners viewed? What about women? There are so many issues to address, including whether you consume any alcohol there. Don’t end up driving around Algeria or anywhere else after drinking. If you do find yourself in a bad situation, though, www.totaldui.com may be able to help you.

Naturally, it’s always better to have a designated driver if you’re going to be drinking, but accidents do happen. Some countries are much more strict than others, and the amount of alcohol you’re allowed to have in your system when you’re behind the wheel can really vary between countries. If you plan on drinking on your vacation, check into the rules and regulations about it in Algeria and anywhere else you plan to go. That will help to keep you safer and may stop you from ending up in trouble with the law in a foreign land, which can be a real hassle when you’re just trying to enjoy your vacation.

To become the president of Algeria the candidates must be Algerian. Residents of Algeria are not eligible for presidency if they carry another nationality. They must also have a spouse of Algerian nationality. As a large population of the Algerian people practice the Muslim faith the president must also be a Muslim in order to meet the requirements for presidency. Candidates must also be over the age of forty.

If a person happens to fulfill those requirements they will still have one more hurdle to face before they can run for the presidency of Algeria. In order to be nominated for the presidential election candidates must have at least six hundred votes by local and elected officials or at least seventy-five thousand votes in a popular petition.

The president of Algeria has many important functions. It is the job of the president to appoint and dismiss the prime minister of Algeria. He also formally dismisses and appoints other civil servants, judges and soldiers. Other important jobs that the president appoints are the President of the Council of State, Magistrates and the Governor of the Bank of Algeria.

In times of war the president is able to ratify treaties and declare war on other countries. If he wishes to conclude peace he must get approval from the Algerian parliament.

The president of Algeria performs many functions in order to keep the country running. The job involves overseeing the activities of the Algerian people, civil servants and participating in international forums. The president also has to make sure that the cultural and religious needs of the Muslim people are being met.

The media channels, including the television and radio stations, in Algeria are controlled by the state. However, this does not seem to stop the private press from being a very lively and outspoken part of the media in the country. This private media very often goes so far as to criticize the authorities of Algeria, something that would never be allowed on the airwaves. While no direct censorship is in place, there are laws that assign fines and prison terms if one defames or insults the President, judges, the army and MPs.

In 2010, Reporters Without Borders stated that even though the journalists in Algeria no longer feared for their lives, their freedom of expression is still limited. They can report the truth, apparently, as long as they are not criticizing or insulting anyone in political power. Therefore, it is a fine line they walk.

For citizens of Algeria, satellite television is quite popular. France based stations target the Algerian viewers. Other European channels are also widely viewed by the Algerian citizens. As for the Internet, the Internet World Stats reported in September of 2009, that there were 4.1 million uses of the Internet in Algeria. Most of these users depend on cyber cafes and dial-up connections. So far, there have been no reports of widespread filtering. However, in January 2010, a political website was blocked. This is the first known incident of online censorship.

The written languages of English, French and Arabic allow Algerian bloggers to cover topics of social, political and cultural interest to citizens. In fact, a newspaper in late 2008 suggested that there more than 5,000 Algerian blogs were in existence online at that time. These various different languages will let all citizens of Algeria have access to the blogs of their choice for information and reading pleasure.

Firstly it is important to note that the term of the presidential office in Algeria is for five years. The President of the Republic of Algeria is only eligible to be president for a maximum of two terms.

If the president is unable to carry out his term due to a serious illness the Constitutional Council will meet de jure. They will then take the time to assess the situation and discuss how the president’s illness will affect him carrying out his job duties. Once they have gone through the proper channels to verify and propose a state of impediment to parliament. The Constitutional Chamber will then have to wait for the decision of parliament.

The parliament must have the majority vote of two third of its members in order to declare the state of impediment of the president. It will then give the presidential role to the president of the Council of the Nation for a maximum of forty five days.

If the president is unable to carry on after the forty five day period a declaration of vacancy by resignation de jure will have to be made. If the president has passed away or resigned the Constitutional Council will have to meet de jure again. The Constitutional Council will then ascertain the vacancy and announce the permanent vacancy declaration act to the parliament. The President of the Council of the Nation will assume the role again for a maximum of sixty days.

When a new election is due to be held prospective presidential candidates will have to fulfill a number of criteria before they can be considered for the role.

As Algeria has not been flooded with tourists, visitors will most likely have a completely authentic and unique experience. This is not a country that boasts streets crowded with street vendors trying to make a sale. That, alone, is enough to make some people consider it a vacation paradise of sorts.

Visitors to Algeria will not want to miss the capital city of Algiers. Within this city are Turkish palaces hidden inside the Medina. Dar Hassan Pacha is considered one of the best of these palaces. The Medina offers much entertainment in just walking through the various mazes and enjoying the adventure. Hotels in Algiers are upscale and readily available.

Most tourists choose southern Algeria for their vacation getaway. This is a safe area of the country that boasts beautiful oases, the Sahara Desert at sunset, and dreamy, starry nights. Combine these things with the ancient traditions and any visitor will enjoy a completely amazing cultural experience.

Anyone that chooses to visit the fascinating country of Algeria is advised against travelling the Sahara Desert alone in a vehicle. This is for tourists’ personal safety. You will find check points posted in various locations in the desert to make sure that people are traveling together in groups. This ensures a safe, memorable and fun trip for everyone; a trip that will have most people wondering why they didn’t visit Algeria sooner.

The Republic of Algeria has a European style political system. At the heart of it is the Algerian government.

The role of the Algerian government is to put into affect the general policy of the country. This has to be done in conformity with the orientations and options that are defined by the President of the north African country of Algeria. The Algerian government is accountable to the President of the Republic for its actions and conduct.

One of the most important job roles within the Algerian government is that of the Head of Government. It is the job of the Head of Government to distribute tasks amongst the members of the government.

The Head of Government presides over the Council of Government in Algeria. It is his job to make sure to see through the execution of rules and laws. He is also responsible for signing executive decrees. Another aspect of his job is to see that the public administration functions well.

The person who is appointed Head of Government must be approved by Parliament. There is certain criteria that a person must fulfill before they can become the Head of Government in Algeria. This is because of the fact that this job is very important. If the president of Algeria falls ill or resigns the Head of Government will have to step in while a new president is selected.

The Algerian government system may seem complicated to those that are not familiar with it. The best way to understand it is to think of the Algerian political system as one with a lot of European influence due to the invasion of France. The Algerian government uses a more modern government style and they try to maintain the cultural practices of the Muslim faith at the same time. The Head of Government is essentially there to make sure that everything runs smoothly in the Republic of Algeria

As the Prime Minister is considered to be the Head of Government in Algeria he has a large part in the administrative and legislative processes of the country. One of the main responsibilities of the Prime Minister is to distribute the available work between the members of the Government.

The Prim Minister also chairs an important group in the Algerian political system – the Council of Government. His other duties include making sure that laws and payments in Algeria are properly executed.

The Prime Minister also signs executive decrees and names the uses of the State. he is also very instrumental in how the administrative aspect of the government is run. For example he will have a great deal of input on the staff that are hired and when and how to replace them if the need arises.

The Algerian government has a complicated set of rules and restrictions that the President, the Prime Minister, the Council of Government and members of Parliament must abide by. The Prime Minister must make sure that any duties that he is responsible for are done in compliance with the rules and regulations of Algeria.

If for some reason the Prime Minister cannot perform his functions as Head of Government there is a formal process that he must go through in order to resign. If the public elect another political party into office the current government will take care of urgent affairs while they are waiting for the new government to take over. The Prime Minister will then present the resignation of his government to the President of the Republic.

Medical malpractice happens when a medical professional either does or doesn’t do something that results in harm or injury. Failure to act (an omission) is considered negligence. This mistake can occur at any time during treatment. An example is a misdiagnosis.

There is a concept known as “standard of care,” which is the generally accepted methods used by professionals in the medical field. For example, if you are 35, have asthma and live in Michigan, your doctor should treat you using the same standards followed by other doctors treating people with asthma, living in Michigan who are 35 years old. Your doctor would not follow the same course of treatment if you were 20, living in Algeria and were an athlete.

you’ve determined your physician made a mistake, but that’s not enough. You have to prove that the mistake caused serious harm or injury. For example, perhaps the doctor removed the wrong limb during an amputation.

There also must be proof that the mistake caused the injury or harm. This is known as causation. Another thing to keep in mind is that you will need to have one, if not more, expert witnesses to explain the link between the mistake and the injury.

Baltimore medical malpractice attorneys and attorneys in other states and countries can help determine if you, in fact, have a case for medical malpractice under the laws where you reside.

The chamber of the People’s National Assembly is has a maximum term of five years. The members of this chamber are voted in by a method called universal and secret suffrage. However in order to be elected the candidates must fulfill certain requirements.

In order to become a part of the Algerian government a person will have to be at least twenty eight years of age. Candidates must also be an Algerian by being born in Algeria or have been a citizen for five years or longer. If a person is an independent candidate they must collect at least four hundred signatures by voters in order to be allowed to run. Today men and women are both eligible to run. At some point the President of the People’s chamber will be elected. The term of the President will last the term of the parliamentary body.

If the members of parliament wish to debate issues with the government they will need to submit either a written or an oral question. Written questions will be answered in a maximum of thirty days and oral questions will be answered during session. If for any reaso one of the chambers of parliament feel that the answer given warrants a debate it will be opened up. The debate will have to follow the procedural rules that are required for both the People’s National Assembly and the Council of Nation.

As evidenced the two chambers of parliament hold a great deal of influence and are instrumental to the running of the Republic of Algeria. Both the President and the Head of State rely on these chambers to ensure that law is being set effectively.

Most of the members of these chambers are elected however one third of the members of the Council of the Nation are selected by the President of the Republic. These members are generally national personalities or people that are qualified in many fields. Some of these fields include science, economic and sociology.

The parliament of Algeria meets for two sessions a year. These sessions are fairly lengthy and last for a minimum of four months per session. If the President of the Republic wishes to hold an extraordinary session of parliament her may do so.

It is also important to note that a meeting of the parliament can also be called by the Head of Government or by two-thirds of the members of the People’s National Assembly.

The members of both the People’s National Assembly and the Council of the Nation all have the benefit of parliamentary immunity. This means that none of the members of these chambers can be arrested or prosecuted for a crime or misdemeanor in the duration of their mandate. There are couple of situations that would allow a member of parliament to be arrested. The first is if the majority of the members of either the People’s National Assembly or the Council of Chambers vote to lift the immunity or if a very serious crime has been committed.

While the members of these legislative groups enjoy many benefits they also hold great responsibility. It is essentially their job to make sure that the issues brought to them are heard and debated upon fairly by the chambers.

One of the most important areas that they are involved in are the rights and the duties of Algerian citizens. This includes the freedoms and obligations that the people are Algeria are given.

Parliament also deals with legislation that relates to the family and home life of Algerians. This means that the create, amend and enforce laws relating to family law, marriage and divorce.

Another area that parliament has been allotted with is criminal law. The parliament of Algeria spends time determining what they consider to be crimes. They then discuss the punishments, amnesty and extradition that is associated with crime.

The parliament is also responsible for legislation that deals with how the government of Algeria is run. For example it deals with the rules and regulations of civil procedures. Areas such as the property that the government owns and the national plan are included in this.

Financial issues and the legislation that surrounds them are tackled by parliament. They discuss the state budget as well as the creation of taxes. The rate and collection of taxes is an important matter that parliament deals with.

The Algerian parliament legislates issues such as the the credit and insurance laws in the country. Also covered are the rules that relate to the health of the Algerian population.

Algeria operates in a European style democracy. While the parliament is a fundamental part of this it is not the only people that have a say in the legislation of Algeria. Other important people that have influence over legislation is the President of Algeria and the Head of the Government. If members of parliament do not agree on an issue there is a strict procedure they have to follow in order to settle the issue.

The Algerian government is run by the President of the Republic. Under him is the Prime Minister of Algeria and below the Prime Minister is the parliament. Parliament has two house of commons. One of these is called the Council of the Nation.

The Council of the Nation is made up of politicians and familiar Algerian personalities. The politicians in the Council of the Nation are elected by vote that requires a two thirds majority. The famous personalities however are chosen by the President of the Republic. They are chosen because the President of the Republic believes them to be knowledgeable in the many fields that relate to politics.

The members of parliament who are a part of the Council of the Nation have the added advantage of having diplomatic immunity. This means that they cannot be arrested for a crime. However unlike in many other countries Algeria does have a loophole in this law. If the crime is of a very serious nature or if two thirds of parliament vote to revoke the immunity of a particular member they can then be arrested.

The Council of the Nation is a very important part of the Algerian legal system. It is their job to legislate issues in Algeria. They are also there to hear out any issues and debate them.

There is strict criteria that must be fulfilled before a person can join the Council of the Nation. If they do happen to fulfill this criteria they will be a part of the council for the term of the current parliament.

In Algeria there are a number of different branches that organize the way that the government works. After legislation has been set by the parliament of Algeria individual cases go through the court system. The constitution of Algeria states that the judicial power in this north Africa country is independent. The procedure law that has been set by the government organizes the judicial power in Algeria.

The first place that people will go when they have a dispute or are charged with a crime is the courts. The smaller courts deal with traffic infringements and issues that do not require a heavy fine or settlement.

If the people involved in the court case are not happy with the results they can then go to the courts of appeals. Unlike other countries Algeria has many courts. In fact within Algerian territory one can find forty eight appeal courts.

If the court of appeals has not delivered a satisfactory resolution the Supreme Court can be approached. However it is important to note that the supreme court only deals with certain issues. The Supreme Court sees cases in which there has been any incompetence or an abuse of power. They also see cases where a decision that is lacking in legal merit has been made. In essence the Supreme Court only likes to see cases where there has been a breach in the rules or law.

The President of Algeria, the Head of State and the two chambers of Parliament create and modify the laws of this country. It is the job of the court system to make sure that these laws are enforced. The court system has a a responsibility to follow procedure and give sound legal reasons for their decisions. If they do not do this their cases can be taken to both the courts of appeals or the Supreme Court.

Today, many people are discussing and debating the different tax break that there are out there, and the benefit or detriment that they may pose. For example, if there are too many tax breaks, there will not be enough money going back into the government of a country to keep it going. On the other hand, if people are taxed too heavily, you may have to worry about broken economies, and people not being able to thrive the way that they should.

All countries have their own way of taxation. No matter how your country taxes, it is important to follow the laws of the area you live in. Getting an income tax return, while nice, is not something that everyone has to look forward to. In fact, some people are so concerned with getting a tax return, rather than paying in, that they may deal in tax fraud. This is most definitely not a good idea, simply because if it is found out, you can get in a large amount of trouble.

While most people will not receive enough of a tax refund to head out on a huge vacation, you might be lucky enough to find a great vacation for yourself or your family for a great price. Consider heading to Algeria on your next income tax funded vacation. You’ll have a great time, and the memories that a trip to Algeria will offer are priceless.

While Algeria is a democracy the government of Algeria make sure that the laws do not conflict with the values and customs of the Algerian people. Algerian society is still somewhat conservative and certain laws reflect this.

In many countries the legal age for marriage is eighteen. In Algeria this applies to females unless consent is given by her guardians. Men are not legally allowed to marry until they are aged twenty one or over.

Polygamy is permitted in Algeria however the reason for having a polygamous marriage should be justified. Also the existing wife or wives in the marriage must give their permission to add another wife to the equation. If a wife does not give her permission and another wife is taken the existing wife may petition the courts for divorce.

If a husband abstains from sex for over four months a wife has the grounds to petition for divorce. An interesting aspect of Algerian marital law is that it takes moral issues into consideration. For example if a husband commits a crime that shames his family the wife is able to ask for a divorce.

Once a divorce has taken place a wife will have to give up custody of her male child at age sixteen. If she decides to remarry the custody of the male child ceases at the age of ten. However the female children remain in the custody of their parents until the age of eighteen.

While Algerian family law may not have the same level of gender equality as other countries it has provisions to protect both the husband and the wife in the case of divorce.

In Algeria polygamy is legal. Due to this a man in Algeria may marry up to four wives. He must also treat them equally and ask their permission to add other wives into the marriage. If he does not do so a current wife may demand a divorce.

In Algeria a husband may divorce his wife for any reason that he pleases. Women cannot divorce their husbands unless he has violated one of a number of requirements. These requirements include issues such as bringing shame on the family or not being sexually active for four months or longer.

If a wife is granted a divorce for any one of these reasons the husband may be required to provide for his newly divorced wife. This will only apply if she has no other family to go to. However if the wife has been divorced previously or is guilty of immorality he does not have to pay her any funds.

Once the wife has obtained a divorce she will have to pay reparations. As dowry is still commonplace in Algeria she will not pay reparations that exceed the value of the dowry.

Divorce issues are a tricky proceeding in Algeria as the law surrounding it is not cut and dry. Issues of morality heavily influence whether the divorce is granted and what reparations must be made. The Algerian court system tends to favor the father in custody hearings for children.

Once the Algerian Constitution was adopted Algeria was declared to be a one party state. It was ruled by the National Liberation Front. The National Liberation Front was once a resistance party. However in 1965 there was a coup d’etat and the leader of the Revolutionary Command Council put in place a second constitution in 1976. This new constitution emphasized the importance of socialism in Algeria.

The constitution was amended again in 1986. The new rules allowed free market reforms for Algeria. In 1988 the constitution was modified again. This time it introduced a multi-party political system into Algerian government. Up until now the country was run by a leading political party. The changes made no mention of socialism. Instead it talked about the freedom of expression, association and assembly.

Algeria faced another military coup in 1992. This led the country to a state of emergency. The state of emergency meant that parts of the new constitution were now suspended. An Algerian civil war begun.

The constitution was further amended in 1996. The new changes allowed political parties to formed based on issues such as race, gender, religion and a few other factors. This new constitution does not allow political parties to violate the liberties, values, components, unity, security and identity of Algeria.

Today Algeria is a republic that is run by the President of Algeria, the prime minister and parliament. Issues are debated in parliament and opposing views can be heard during parliamentary session or by sending a question to parliament in writing.

The Algerian economy has struggled throughout the years. One fourth of the country’s residents are living below the poverty line, and over 13 percent are unemployed. The banks are almost all public. The financial institutions struggle due to loans not being repaid and the state controlling almost all assets. Over the past three years, the government and the International Monetary Fund have pushed financial reform, helping banks become more stable with more accountability and supervision. After these changes began to take effect, two large European banks opened offices in Algeria for both commercial and investment banking opportunities.

With so many individuals struggling to find and keep a job that pays enough to cover the daily necessities, Algerian citizens can face great difficulties making ends meet. Even with the advancements in the financial situation on the macro level, people are frustrated with outstanding debt and have virtually no way to begin to make their payments, a situation that’s similar to the home mortgage crisis in America. Many Americans are looking to other options to avoid harassment from creditors, such as getting Chapter 13 information and then filing for bankruptcy. Algeria has struggled with maintaining consistency in repayment of debt for those who file bankruptcy; legal proceedings in these cases tend to be very lengthy, and the government is unable to maintain control over the individual’s assets. With the reforms that began in 2007, the inconsistency in the bankruptcy legal proceedings was briefly discussed, but it is still not a smooth process for those struggling with debt.

The lesbian, gay, transgender and bisexual population in Algeria face legal issues that heterosexual Algerians do not have to deal with.

In Algeria same-sex sexual acts are illegal for both males and females. Anyone who is found guilty of a same-sex act in Algeria can be punished with a prison sentence that can last anywhere from two months to two years.

Algeria is well know for its fundamentalist laws. An example of this is that Algeria bans Algerian people from converting their religion. Many people in Algeria believe homosexuality to be against the Islamic faith. Due to this there is little tolerance for homosexuality in Algeria.

There are many groups that fight for the rights of gay men and lesbians in Africa. These groups believe that the Algerian attitudes towards homosexuality can be violent. Gay people in Africa can become the targets for fundamentalists. They have also been the targets of honor killings by their family, friends and neighbors.

However many people in Algeria are becoming more accepting of homosexual people. The President of Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika stated at one point that if homosexual people behave well they will be given freedom and remain unharmed.

Many people in Algeria wish the constitution of Algeria to be revised in order to take out the segments that demonstrate inequality to both women and gay citizens of Algeria.

The currently laws of Algeria tend to favor the heterosexual male. Although there are many people who are lobbying for this to change it is unlikely to change in the near future. The Islamic faith plays a large part in the culture and laws of Algeria. It is the aim of the government to do its job without taking anything away from the religious customs, beliefs and traditions of the citizens of the north African country Algeria.

Not all recipes for your favorite meals need to be tossed in the trash now that you are living a healthy lifestyle and making healthy eating a daily habit.  You can tweak your favorite recipes and turn those unhealthy meals into low-fat, tasty cuisine.  Let’s take a look at how you can save all those family recipes handed down from grandma, to mom, to you and your family.

Without looking at specific ingredient changes, let us take a quick overview of some things you can do to easily make your meals healthier.  One of the easiest things you can do is to decrease portions.  Another healthy change is to change your cooking methods.  You might have to bake that chicken instead of deep-frying it.  Next, you can make healthy substitutions for unhealthy ones.  Try canola oil instead of lard.  Use honey instead of refined sugar.  Try herbs and spices or sea salt instead of table salt.

Now that we have looked at three, big-picture changes; let us look at some other changes you can make on a case-by-case basis for making all recipes in your recipe book healthier.  When something calls for using a whole egg, try using two egg whites.  If you see whole milk or cheese on the list, change that to skim milk or low-fat cheese.  Change all refined flour ingredients to whole-grain or whole-wheat instead.

Speaking of whole grains, you could switch out all your unhealthy carbohydrates (white flours, refined sugars, white potatoes, white rice, etc) for good carbohydrates like sweet potatoes, brown rice, and whole wheat pasta.  And when possible, also substitute fattier, marbled cuts of meat for lean ones.

The easy, minor changes and substitutions above can change all recipes in your favorite cookbook or recipe file from unhealthy to healthier versions.  Enjoy your healthy meals!

In order to benefits with the numerous opportunities in the Algerian market one must follow the changes that are being made to business and tax law in Algeria.

The Algerian business law is important to any Algerian who is running a business as well as overseas companies dealing with Algerian businesses.

While Algerian law is based on other legal systems the government, political system and law is still unique. The law in Algeria is based on multiple sources. This makes the system both complex and evolving. While the laws in Algeria are based on a set of principles that are common to most civilian institutions the law itself is very specific. Some laws and systems in Algeria are based on classic models while others are taking into consideration the changing economic and social structure of Algeria.

Business people that are looking for an Algerian lawyer will notice that there are many highly qualified lawyers in Algeria. Many of them deal with a wide range of businesses that operate in Algeria. This gives them a wide understanding of the laws that businesses and financial institutions have to deal with.

Most commercial law firms in Algeria deal with businesses that are involved in manufacturing, sales and distribution, energy, finance and many others. When businesses are hiring a law firm it is important to pick one that has an understanding of both the law and society of Algeria. Ideally the law firm that is chosen should have a relationship with the authorities and politicians. This will help them keep abreast of any changes or news when it comes to Algerian law.

An embassy, which can also be known as a diplomatic mission, is considered to be a group of people from an individual country or nation. These people live on-site in Algeria and are representatives of their native countries. An embassy is a diplomatic office of individual countries ambassadors and other diplomatic personnel. Most typically, embassies are located in the host country’s capital. As an example, there is a British embassy that represents the nation of Britain within Algeria.

A consulate serves a different purpose to the citizens of the country it represents. A consulate is actually a branch of an embassy and it is often located in the embassy building. Its main focus is to help its citizens with getting into a country. The German consulate, for example, provides Algerian nations with visa for entry to the United Kingdom.

Because of its close ties to the French, the French embassy in Algiers is of particular import. The main French Embassy is located in Algiers in Peltzer Park, but there are French consulates located through the country. This embassy not only maintains diplomatic ties with Algeria but also has other special functions. For instance some of the French Embassy’s divisions include the Military Mission, the Economic Mission and the offices for Cultural Action.

The French Consular Services advises citizens of France living in Algeria, as well as those who are visiting. In additional the professionals at the Consulate also help Algerians who want to travel to France. Both passport and visa applications are found at the Embassy. Help can be found from the Embassy for medical emergencies as well.

For example there are works created by Mohamed Racim. This artist is known best for his production of fantastic miniature sculptures. This artist, during a period when Algeria was a French territory, fought against the French occupation using his art skills. He used his skills as a way to promote pride in Algeria. He and his art are credited as part of the goal of independence. Mohamed Temmam and Bachir Choach Yelles are two other well-known Algerian artists whose pieces can be found at the museum.

There are many artists from around the world that are represented at the museum. Some of these include Pierre-Auguste Renoir and lithographer Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix. Also there are works on display by Nasreddine Dinet.

Dinet was born in France, but spent almost 50 years in Algeria. He was well known as an Orientalist artist. He converted to Islam and took the Islamic name that translates to “Defender of the Faith”. His love for Algeria and Algerians is manifested in his artwork.

Another wonderful museum in Algiers is the National Museum of Antiquities. This museum contains pieces from all across the country, while it presents the history of Algeria. Because of these pieces, visitors to the museum can get a wide-ranging look at Algeria. For example, visitors can see totemic warriors hailing from the Libyan period as well as a large coin collection. The museum is a way for locals and visitors alike to discover Algeria.

Visiting Algeria is the trip of a lifetime, and with a little forward planning you can ensure you have a fantastic holiday. A one-month visa for Algeria costs around $40 to $50, and is payable on application for a visa. If you are a National of Israel, Taiwan or Malawi you may be denied a visa. In these cases, it’s advisable to apply for a visa in advance, before booking or planning your holiday. To apply, you’ll need three passport sized photographs, a letter from an employer stating the dates you are going on holiday, and an ‘invitation’ to Algeria. These are available from travel agencies. If you wish to apply while on your trip, this is also possible. From Niger, one-month visas cost $40, and are usually processed on the day of application. You will require three passport photographs, and to complete three application forms. You can also apply from Mali, which costs $36 and requires two photographs.

Algeria’s currency is called Dinars. One US dollar is equivalent to 74 dinars, or 7400 centimes. Large establishments may be able to accept credit cards, and tourist businesses may accept US dollars, but most companies will only accept dinars. The dinar is quite a weak currency, meaning you can enjoy the best of Algeria without the price tag you’d expect! If you are looking to spend a few months enjoying Algeria and the nearby areas, you may find it helpful to consult debt consolidation services, to reduce your debts and outgoings into one payment. This is much easier to manage while abroad, especially as Algeria has limited internet connectivity.

Once you’ve sorted your finances and your visa, all you’ve got to do is book a hotel and plan what you’d love to do. With everything from hostels to five star hotels, offering amazing mountain, desert, or sea views, there is definitely something for everyone!

The Tuareg is a desert tribe that offers camel treks into the desert. They are a well known tribe gives visitors the opportunity to delve into the local tradition and culture. There are also many other routes, of varying lengths and destinations. A very popular trekking route brings visitors to the heart of the Hoggar Mountains in the southern part of Algeria. You’ll find yourself exploring this area for about a week, where you’ll discover ridges and spectacular rock formations all from the top of a camel. You will also visit the ancient city of Tamanrasset, a village that has not changed very much over history.

You can also see some endangered wildlife and plant life with a trek to the UNESCO World Heritage site of Tassili n’Ajjer. You will also see unique rock formations and ancient cave art. There are other recommended trekking adventures such as the Amguid Meteor Crater, the Djanet and Essendiline Oases.

Camel trekking may seem overwhelming to the first-time adventurer, but you’ll soon become comfortable with the rhythm of the gait of these magnificent beasts. And you’ll sleep under the stars in an expanse of desert that will not soon be forgotten.

The agricultural sector of the country is poised to expand due to the export marketplace. It is very possible that it will become an international competitor. Algeria wanted to increase the agricultural area by up to eight percent and began working toward that goal, with an expected ultimate completion of this by 2013.

There are growing opportunities for investment that are also receiving support. This is especially prevalent in local markets such as olive oil, milk and potatoes. With the increase in this market, there are other sectors such as processing that will see growth as well.

Algeria also has a productive natural gas resource. This resource gives Algeria the ability to develop petrochemical business. This development of petrochemical resources will influence other business arenas such as textiles, construction, plastics and automobiles. The country is also placing emphasis to industries such as energy, mining, hydrocarbons and steel. The country sees that with increases in the business sectors, unemployment issues will, in turn, be addressed.

Algeria is also looking to the private sector to reap some of these rewards as well, using tourism. The idea is that visitors to the country have benefits through creation of new community jobs. Things that are found only in Algeria such as buildings, crafts and so on will be an attraction to visitors. With support for both the public and private sectors, growth is imminent.

You may have seen flyers about Algeria that have prompted you to take your next vacation there. If you are headed to Algeria, there are a few things that you are going to want to know.

Depending on what part of Algeria you are in, prices may not be given in dinars, as you might expect. Instead, they might be given in centimes. There are 100 centimes in a dinar. To complicate this even more, the thousands might end up being dropped. If someone tells you 150 centimes, you may want to check and make sure they don’t actually mean 150,000 centimes, or 1,500 dinar.

There are some safety aspects you will want to keep in mind. Because of kidnappings that happened in 2003, it is actually now illegal to drive alone in the desert. There have been checkpoints set up to enforce this law. If you are traveling make sure that you travel in a group.

When heading to Algeria, you will not only need your passport but a visa as well. If you have previously on your trip stopped in Israel, Taiwan, or Malawi, your visa application may actually be denied. The reason for this is that people from these countries are not allowed to enter Algeria. If you decide to get your visa before heading out on your vacation, you will need a letter either from your university if you are a student or your employer stating that you will be coming back home after your vacation. You will also need an invitation to visit Algeria from either someone you have contact with in the country or a tourist agency. The visa is good for 30 days. You can get an extension on your visa, but they are very difficult to get.

In its early history, Touggourt was circled by a moat. This moat was consequently filled b the French. The city was called the “sultanate of Tuggurt” referencing its sultanate dynasty that was founded in 1414. Before the dynasty was abolished by the French, it saw the reign of 14 sultans.

Currently the city’s architecture is mainly clay, stone or mud buildings. The streets wind through the city, many of them feature overhead covers to provide protection from the sun. While it has an old, traditional feel to it, the city is a quickly developing modern city.

Around the city, you will find very fertile lands that produce the dates for which the city is famous. Many tourists visit these date groves, but most want to visit the fortress mosque. The mosque contains the tombs of Beni Djellab kings. This mosque is a site of pilgrimages. Many visitors are amazed by the architectural grandeur of this mosque, especially the large dome where the tombs can be found.

While visiting Touggourt, one should definitely see these sites; however you should also discover the fascinating people who live in this city. They are very proud of their traditions and cultural heritage.

In 1990 UNESCO officially recognized the park as a biosphere preserve. This is due, in part, the unique ecosystem found in the park. Conservationists have been working endlessly to guarantee that the unique plants and wildlife within the park are preserved.

The park is well known for its majestic mountains, dense forests and numerous lakes, as well as a marine ecosystem. Because of this large number of differing habitats, there are about 87,00 birds and animals, some of which are on the endangered species list, that make the park their home. Researchers and scientists are studying dragonflies, forests and waterfowl within the park.

Tours of the park are designed to make the public more aware of these ecosystems. Approximately 30,000 visitors visit the park each year. The park features many opportunities for bird watching and there are attractions such as an eco-museum and a mini zoo as well. Through the creation of these attractions, El Kala has experienced an increase in visits by foreign tourist; however, the park wants to increase its tourist visibility.

Currently and certainly unfortunately, there are projects underway that are posing threats to the survival of the park. There are urbanization projects outside the park as well as a proposed highway. There are efforts being made to convince officials to move the highway away from its proximity to the park. Visitors should view El Kala National Park as a natural wonder.

Within this very specialized eco-system, you will find an Old World money species, the Barbary Macaque. This monkey is considered to be an endangered species. You may also be able to see the Atlas deer in the reserve. Visitors to the reserve can oftentimes see many other rare animals and birds.

The Djebel Babor Mountains are part of the Petite Kabylie Mountains. In conjunction with the Grand Kabylie, these mountain ranges form a portion of the majestic Atlas range. This range of mountains runs along the coast of the Mediterranean. The Djebel Babor reserve also features streams and mountain springs along with some very beautiful scenery. This is a prime destination for bird watching, due to the plentiful birdlife that is in protected status with the preserve. Visitors to the park may be able to spot such birds as pied flycatchers, jays, spotted flycatchers, rock doves, wood pigeons, spotted woodpeckers and Kabylie nuthatches, among others.

In 1985 the Djebel Babor Nature Reserve had its designation changed from that of a national park to a nature reserve. This was because of its status as one of the remaining primeval forests in Algeria as well as its geographical assets.

Visitors to the park will have to pass through an entry that is guarded by wardens and other officials. This is to ensure the safety of the park and its inhabitants. Park officials wish to prevent any type of harm coming to the park including illegal grazing, hunting and extraction of wildlife and plant life.

The Casbah of Algiers is located amongst the ruins of the old Icosium, which is an ancient Roman city that legends says was founded by companions of Hercules. The Casbah has two parts: the Low city and the High city. Within the Casbah, you can find mosques from the 17th century. These include one built by Dey Baby Hassan – the Ketchaoua mosque – that is flanked by two minarets. Mosque el Djeded was built in about 1660 and features four coupolettes. Other mosques include El Kebir, Dar Aziza, and Ali Betchin.

The Casbah was featured in an integral role during the Algerian bid for independence. The National Liberation Front used the Casabah as a place to plan its insurgency. It was also used by the Front as a have to execute attacks against the French as well as law enforcement agents.

To the untrained eye, the Casbah looks like it is filled with maze-like lanes and alleys, all of which are lined by picturesque homes. If a visitor finds himself or herself lost, all they need to do is head toward the sea and they will regain their bearings.

The Casbah has been featured in many popular culture references. The movie Algiers was perhaps the introduction of the American public to the Casbah. There are many references from this movie, including “Come with me to the Casbah,” that have been used in additional media. For instance the cartoon character Pepe Le Pew uses this line quite often in his attempt to woo the unfortunate cat of his desires.

In a later film, The Battle of Algiers, most of the main characters are found to be living in the Casabah.

While there is no censorship directly affecting the media, Algeria does have laws that outline prison terms, fines and other punishment for anyone insulting government officials. These officials include MPs, judges, the president and even the army.

A statement released in 2010 about Algerian press freedom stated, “Although journalists no longer fear for their lives, their room to maneuver in terms of freedom of expression is limited.”

Broadcasts from outside Algerian borders are popular. Stations from France and other European countries as well as satellite broadcasts are watched across the nation. Algeria has about 4.1 million users of Internet services as of 2009; however these users generally use cyber cafés and dial-up connections. There appears to be no on-line censorship or filtering with Algerian Internet connections. There has been just one block of a political website that occurred in January 2010.

Algerian bloggers write pieces in Arabic, French and English. There are approximately 5,000 bloggers who cover many subjects in the social, political and cultural arenas.

Some of the Algerian press and publications include:
–El Khabar. This is an Arabic daily that includes French, English and Arabic pages on its website.

–Le Quotidien d’Oran is a French-language daily.

–Ech Chourok is an Arabic-language daily with English website pages.

–El Watan, Le Soir d’Algeria, Leberte and La Tribune are all French, private dailies.

–Ech Chaab is the state-run, Arabic-language daily newspaper

Television broadcasts in Algeria are presented by Beur TV and BRTV (French satellite-broadcast stations) and the state run ENTV (Enterprise Nationale de Television. Algerian Radio operates radio broadcasts with French, Berber and Arabic networks.

There are many wonderfully fascinating and unique regions in Algeria. You can discover modern cities or even ancient ones as well as the flowing sands of the Sahara Desert. Algeria is a place just waiting to be discovered and explored.

Imagine open plateaus and flat, craggy landscape stretching for miles and miles, and you’ll find yourself in Gourara. You’ll see yourself traversing miles and miles of open space, dotted here and there by oases. This landscape is unique as there are very few other regions that comprise only oases – it is truly unbelievable.

In Gourara, you’ll experience Sahara oases in a very traditional way and the capital of Gourara; Timimoun is not to be missed. Surrounded by miles of the Sahara Desert, Timimoun has not become modernized. For centuries the inhabitants have used ways to avoid the heat of the area such as Foggaras systems of irrigation. Timimoun citizens live in comfort without technology invading their everyday lives.

The buildings of Timimoun are best known for their red color and the city also cultivates palms. Visitors flock to the city to visit the ancient fortress.

Also located in this area of Gourara is the Grand Erg Occidental. However, because it is in a remote and uninhabitable, and tourists should not travel without an experienced guide. It is easy to get lost in this area and there are no roads or villages to escape the desert sun.

There are many other villages and towns located in Gourara that are intriguing and fascinating. There are the villages that produce area pottery. These villages include Ouled Said, Tindjillet, Semouta, Izgzer and Massine. For a look at history, Badriane is a wonderful spot. It was here that Muslims gathered before taking on Hajj. This region is sure to let visitors leave with memories of a historical and traditional area.

The culture and society of Algeria is soundly based in its recent history. Literature, arts and crafts, religion and music also play parts in the country’s rich culture. The primary language that is spoken in Algeria is Arabic -approximately 82 percent of the people speak this language. French is considered the country’s second language due to the history of French colonialism. On the other hand, English is spoken on a minimal basis. Interestingly, some Algerians also speak Berber dialects.

As is the case with many countries, the history of Algeria directly affects its culture. In addition, Algeria is home to many ethnic groups leading to a diverse culture. The primary and official religion of the country is Islam, with the majority of citizens being Muslims. Christianity is second and a small percentage (approximately one percent) are Jewish.

The literature of Algeria has included the works of many famous novelists including Assia Djebar, Mohammed Dib and Kateb Yacine. The written works of Assia Djebar have been translated into numerous languages.

Rai is the musical style that is best known on an international basis. It is a pop style based on folk music. The stars of Rai include Cheb Mami and Khaled. Stars like Dahman El Harrachi and El Hadj El Anka are famous for their Chaabi style of music. Andalusi music is a more traditional and classical style of music that originates from Morisco refugees. This style has been preserved in older coastal towns.

Handicrafts are also a large part of Algerian culture and are a thriving industry in the country. It is said that part of Algeria’s charm comes from these handicrafts. These crafts include ceramic and carpets, as well as lute making. Potter and glassworks, as well as silverworks are also extremely popular. Algeria crafts are sold to tourists as well as for export.

In Algeria, Islam is considered to be the main religion. And due to this influence, most of this country’s religious sites have ties to Islam. Nearly every city and Town in Algeria has at least one mosque. The purpose of a mosque, primarily, is the core location for worship, but it is also the heart of the Islamic community in which it exists. These mosques also serve as community and educational centers.

Mosques have very recognizable and distinctive architectural form. These mosques have soaring spires, brilliantly shaped domed roofs and very intricate decoration. Due to the beauty and intricacy of these mosques, they usually stand out within other surrounding buildings. Because of the religious basis of this buildings, tourists are generally not allowed to tour the interior of mosques; but they still remain a very popular attraction for tourists to Algeria.

There are three mosques that are perhaps the most significant in Algeria — the Ketchaoua Mosque in Algiers, The Great Mosque of Tiemcen and the Great Mosque of Algiers. Other notable Algerian mosques include the Pasha Mosque in Oran, The Mosque of Constantine and the Al-Kawthar Mosque in Blida.

However, not every religious building is based in the Islamic religion. The Notre Dame d’Afrique is a Roman Catholic Church located in Algiers. This church was completed in 1872 and is located on a cliff that overlooks the bay. It currently serves as Algiers basilica. This church contains lavish mosaic patterns and religious iconography and pictures. An inscription on the wall behind the alter translate to Our Lady of Africa, pray for us and the Muslims.”

This reflects the complicated and rather lengthy Algerian history that saw religion playing a very crucial role. When visiting any of the numerous religious sites within the borders of Algeria, visitors will gain insight into this fascinating culture.

While couples in Algeria are allowed to marry whom they wish, the union must be approved by the families. Parents in these families are considered to have the ability to help guide their children to an appropriate marriage partner. In a typical situation, the potential group will let his mother know of his intentions and love for a woman. His mother will then examine and look into the woman family to see if the family will be satisfactory. If the woman and her family receive the approval of the groom’s mother, the groom’s family will approach the woman’s family as a way of proposal. The engagement begins with a visit to the mosque.

In Algerian culture, it is believed that the more money that can the spent on the wedding, the prouder it will make the family. For many weeks prior to the nuptials, the women of the families will prepare desserts such as baklava. The meal at the wedding will consist of meat, vegetables and couscous.

Following the wedding party, the bride, wearing her bridal clothing and jewelry, is taken to the groom’s house, where she is placed in a decorated chair. The wedding party then takes part in dances to say goodbye. The groom then goes to his bride and they walk out of the house as wife and husband.

You are ready to visit the exotic country of Algeria. Don’t let the laws of the land worry you or perhaps you just want to discover a new culture – take a trip to the mountains of Algeria and you’ll find yourself in an amazing landscape.

The landscape of the Algerian mountainscape is absolutely stunning and covers a large amount of the country. You’ll find mountain ranges between the coast of the Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert. These mountain ranges are both fascinating and diverse. Some Algerian mountain ranges are situated only with the country’s borders, while others are part of the Atlas Mountain Range.

This mountain range flows approximately 1,500 miles across Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. This mountain range is a border between the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea. In these mountains you will find Algerian Arab villages remotely tucked away. The Atlas Mountains comprise the Tell Atlas, Saharan Atlas, Anti-Atlas and Middle Atlas. Algeria hosts Sahara Atlas and Tell Atlas ranges.

The Tell Atlas range goes across Algeria, through Morocco and into Tunisia. Some of Algeria’s most significant cities are located within and along this range including the capital city of Algiers. The Chelif River is also located in this range and runs into the Mediterranean and provides water for a rich agricultural swath of land.

The Sahara Atlas range is part of the east section of the Atlas Mountains and is home to Djebel Aissa – the highest peak in the Sahara Atlas range. Other small mountain ranges that make up the Sahara Atlas include Ksour, Amour and Ouled-Nael. The Tell Atlas and the Sahara Atlas meet to form the Medjerda and T’bessa ranges. Seasonal river beds known as wadis flow through this range to help with the agriculture of this region. Chaoui Berbers are the main residents of this area.

Algeria, officially known as the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria is located in North Africa. Algeria is that largest country bordering the Mediterranean Sea. And is second to Sudan in being the largest on the African continent. It borders Tunisia, Libya, Niger and Mali, as well as Mauritania and the Sahara.

Its capital is the city of Algiers and has a presidential model of government. While more than 75 percent of the population speaks the official language of Arabic, the Berber language is also used. Many Algerian citizens also speak the French language. The primary religion of Algeria is Islam with the majority being Muslim Sunnites.

The past history of Algeria is filled with the occupation of many other countries taking power and control of the country. Algeria experienced an invasion by the French in 1830 and the current laws of Algeria can be traced back to the French roots of the French colonies. With exceptions for Islamic personal laws, French law was applied until Algerian independence in 1962.

After gaining its independence, Algeria did not have an easy time domestically. Societal injustices and tensions lead to a bloody civil war that very nearly destroyed the country entirely.

Currently the system has a separation of power applied over three branches:
–The president oversees implementation of the law. The president is elected for a five-year term and looks over the functions of the constitutional powers. The president also nominates the Prime Minister.
–The parliament is responsible for legislation of the constitution and other laws. The parliament is led by the Prime Minister and is made up of two governmental bodies, the Council of Nation and the People’s National Assembly.
–The courts make decisions pertaining to the laws. According to the constitution of Algeria, the courts’ power is independent of other government branches.

Take a whirl through the cuisines of Algeria and you’ll be sure to find some new and exotic flavors! There are no rules or laws in place that will guide you on this new and delicious journey, so just enjoy yourself and the cuisine. There have been many international influences that have added to the uniqueness of the country’s cuisine. Many of these influences come from the French, Spanish, Turks and Romans as well as the area Berbers and Arabs. These cultures have added aromas, spice and flavors.

From the Berbers, you’ll find Algerian meals that include dried fruits, stews, lamb and grains. Spices were added from the Arabs and the Turks, in addition to tasty pastries. Aperitifs, sweets and tomato puree are parts of the influence from French cuisine.

Algerian cuisine usually includes chicken and lamb as well as Mediterranean fish. The national dish of Algeria is couscous. This grain dish is usually prepared steamed and served with sauce, vegetables and meat. An extremely strong coffee is popular in this country and is usually served with a glass of water. But the main drink is tea with mint. You can also enjoy fruit-based drinks as well.

Appetizers within the Algerian meal can include marinated olives (mslalla) and pastry stuffed with onion, egg and meat (bourek). Many main dishes feature lamb including roast lamb (mechoui) and spicy lamb sausages (merquez). Other dishes include coriander-spiced chicken (Djel bil Quasbour), spicy kebabs (brochettes) and a spicy chicken or lamb stew (chorba). Tasty vegetable dishes are zucchini stew (mderbel qar’a), roasted aubergine salad (badendjal) and spicy fava beans (ros bratel).

Don’t miss the pastries and desserts. These yummy sweets include a semolina, rose water and almond paste favorite called kalb-el-louz. Samsa is a sweet filled pastry and ghribia are sugar cookies. You’ll find a wealth of new flavors in Algeria!

The history of the United States and Algeria dates to September 5, 1795 and is a friendly one. This date signifies the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Peace. Algeria was one of the first international countries to recognize early U.S. independence.

U.S. President Lincoln, in 1860 recognized Algerian leader El Emir Abdelkader for his humanitarian work for saving not only his Christian countrymen, but also the staff of the American consulate. The only town in America named after an Arab holds El Kader’s name – El Kader, Iowa. Santa Monica, California was named after another historic Algerian: the mother of Saint Augustine.

According the website of the Algerian embassy, the United States and Algeria share the ideology of freedom and justice. Both countries peoples have defended their independence and liberty. And both countries have supported each other in this defense.

During Algeria’s path to independence, Senator John F. Kennedy spoke in support of Algeria. In 1979, during the hostage situation of Americans in Iran, Algeria used it political and diplomatic support and influence to help secure the release. Algerian mediation helped in the release of the Americans on January 20, 1981. A statement by the U.S. House of Representatives”conveyed its deep appreciation to the Algerian negotiators for the role which they played in resolving the crisis”.

During the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, Algeria was primary in offering its support. Today it continues to play a role in the fight against terrorism. Former President George W. Bush recognized that Algeria also fought a long battle against terrorism. He also expressed his gratitude for Algeria’s support in the international battle to eradicate terrorism.

Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika met with former President Bush several times as well as attending the G8 Summit meeting in June 2004. President Bouteflika also lauded President Barack Obama’s election.

Ecotourism focuses, as a tourist-based industry, on the natural areas of a particular country. Algeria is no exception to the fact that ecotourism is becoming more and more popular. Not only does Algerian ecotourism conserves and preserves the fragile environment, but it also sustains the Algerian people. Algeria contains some very expansive landscapes. Put this together with Algeria’s biodiversity and this type of tourism is more than ideal. A far-reaching network of national parks is found within the borders of Algeria. There are also large expanses of land that have been declared as protected areas. These factors make Algerian adventures in ecotourism are a sure thing.

There are many opportunities to experience ecotourism in Algeria because many tour guides and operators offer them. These adventures can include a trip into the Saharan Atlas Mountains or a week or two of exploring the Mediterranean coastline. As with any business, be sure that your operator is adhering to the ecotourism standards. These standards include using local services and vendors whenever possible, using good ecological practices. The support of local services helps sustain the local population. Your tour guides should be knowledge about not only the sites and attractions, but the ecosystems as well. These can include both flora and fauna.

Tassili n’Ajjer National Park is one of the most visited ecotourism locations. The mountain range of Tassli n’ Ajjer is included within park boundaries. This sandstone range presents visitors with beautiful rock arches as well a large stand of woodlands. This park is a UNESCO World Heritage site because of both its archaeological and biological significance.

These adventures in Algeria can include horseback or camel riding and trekking. Because of the closeness to the earth you experience during these adventures you will gain a much closer appreciation for the breathtaking wonders of Algeria and its communities.

The regions of Algeria range from mountainous terrain to the desert, and the coastal line. Native animals to Algeria include lions and leopards. Barbary lions are under conservation methods and have not been seen in the wild since 1922. These lions are the heaviest of the lion family. The Barbary Lion Project is an international cooperative attempt at helping to restore the population of this majestic animal. The Preservation Station in Algeria is also dedicated to re-establishing the wild feline population of the country.

In the Atlas Mountains, the Barbary Macaque makes its home. This primarily herbivore primate loves to dine on leaves, fruit, roots, and occasional insects. The Barbary Macaque is known to be peaceful. You can find them in mixed gender groups of 10-30. Males of the group tend to caring and raising young macaques. Lineage and hierarchy of this gentle animal follows along its lead matriarch.

Most commonly spotted animal life in Algeria include jackals, wild boars and graceful gazelles. Little jumping desert rodents such as the Jerboa can also be commonly seen. The nocturnal Jerboa lives in the hot desert sand. During the scorching daylight hours, this silky-furred creature burrows under the sand until nightfall. They spend their time creating two permanent burrows, and two additional ones for eluding predators.

Algerian law protects several species of endangered wildlife like the Serval, a wild cat with a graceful body and long dainty ears. The Serval is larger than a domesticated house cat, but smaller than a leopard. This slender, long-legged feline may grow up to 26lbs (female)or as heavy as 40 lbs (male). Servals are known to have the longest legs of any species of feline in relation to their body.

Other abundant wildlife in Algeria include many birds, reptiles, and fennecs (foxes). Even a variety of bats and the Mediterranean Monk Seal call Algeria home.

The Algerian Fir is endemic to Djebel Babor in Algeria. Djebel Babor is the second tallest mountain in the Tell Atlas mountain range. This medium-sized evergreen tree grows 20-35 meters tall and 1 meter in diameter. Its flattened needle-like leaves bear cones that start off a bluish-green hue with a violet tinge that mature into brown cones. Mature cones release their seeds back into the environment. This tree is drought tolerant and grows at an altitude of 1,800-2,004 meters. The Tell Atlas range is also home to the sturdy Atlas Cedar. This cedar grows mixed in with fir, juniper, Holm oak and maple trees. Such a forest is perfect for the Barbary Macaque.

The Gum Arabic Tree is useful in a variety of ways. Because of its thorns it may make a great protective hedge. Parts of the plant are sometimes used as medicine for ailments from a simple cough to dysentery, and even liver issues. Characteristic golden-yellow globular flowers are produced by the tree.

Most people may think that nothing can survive to grow in the desert. And while the Sahara spans over 8.6 million square kilometers, 200,000 of that distance is fertile. Water is not the only challenge for these plants to survive. Since the Sahara is so massive, its topography varies. Still, even in the world’s largest desert, there is plant-life. Most plants have complex root structures that plummet deep into the ground to water sources beneath. Succulents and cacti like the euphorbia are masters at water conservation. This makes them drought resistant. Small flowering annuals have a rapid cycle and lay dormant until the next rainfall. Their brilliant hued flowers assure quick pollination. Grasses, shrubs and small trees all posses a deep root system. There are even bulbs that live dormant underground until its time for them to bloom.

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Algeria is a complex collection of cities. With a count of 48 wilayat (provinces) and 553 dairas (counties), Algeria’s population is spread over a geography that spans out to be the biggest North African nation on the map. A few cities topple over in population beyond others. Let’s take a look at the three largest cities in Algeria.

Algiers tops the list as the biggest city in Algeria. This capital city, according to a 2007 U.N. estimate of the metropolitan area, soars upward of 3,354,000 people. Located along the western bay of the Mediterranean Sea, Algiers is known for its stunning white buildings that lay along the waterfront. Architectural beauty can be seen here in buildings like the government offices, to the Kasbah quarter, Ketchaoua Mosques and more. Algiers is also home to the oldest mosque in Algeria. The Great Mosque has graced the city landscape since 1097. This economic and sporting center of the nation is filled with striking buildings that add to its aesthetic appeal.

The second most populated city in Algeria is Oran. Oran is situated on the northwest coast of Algeria. It’s metropolitan area has a population count of approximately 2 million citizens. Points of interest in Oran include three universities and an 18th century mosque. In 2005, Oran held its first international marathon that attracted runners from the world over.

Constantine rounds out our list. The third largest city in Algeria, Constantine is a collection of culture and important historical sites. The Gustave Mercier Museum holds both ancient and modern art pieces. Sporting events take place at the Ben Abdelmalek Stadium, which seats 20,000 spectators. Constantine is also home to some of the most amazing bridges in the world. A deep ravine, which the four massive bridges traverse, add to the picturesque beauty of Constantine.

Cities like Algiers, Oran and Constantine show the world the cultural and architectural beauty of the nation.

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The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria is a nation rich in tradition. Divided into 48 provinces, Algeria struggled to secure its status as an independent nation. On July 5th, every year Algerians nationwide celebrate the anniversary of the birth of an Algeria standing on its own. Let’s shine a spotlight on Algeria’s day of independence and how it is celebrated by the people.

The capital of Algeria is Algiers. A 2009 estimate of the entire population of Algeria totaled 34.2 million citizens nationwide. Algeria is the largest country in North Africa. Each July, Algerians observe their country’s autonomy out from French rule. It was back on November 1, 1954 when Algerians decided to obtain their right to be a liberated society. On that date, a group called the National Liberation Front (FLN)sparked the Algerian War of Independence that lasted until 1964. Revolution Day, November 1st, is a time set aside to remember the beginning of this pivotal moment in the history of a liberated Algeria.

Food is always key at any family gathering to celebrate important holidays such as these. You may find delicious items such as stuffed lamb, salads made with potatoes and chickpeas, fresh fruit and dates or walnuts at a Algerian table. Independence day is a time celebrated with family and friendship. Observance of this day is done so with wholehearted ardor and sincere passion. A number of social events are organized to display multi-cultural functions which Algerians participate in. Many people are drawn to come witness these social events. These events are planned and prepared well in advance before the day of their performance arrives. During Independence day, the head of the nation gives a national address to share Algeria’s aspirations and achievements with the community. Independence Day and Revolution Day are central to Algerian society.

Public Holidays
Algeria celebrates a variety of holidays each year. January 1st kicks off the list of public holidays with New Year’s Day. Mouloud is observed on a rotating day each February, as the birth of the prophet Muhammad. Drawn from the Arabic word meaning to give birth, Mouloud is celebrated in a festive manner. July 5th marks the anniversary of Algerian independence. Street celebrations can be seen with citizens dressed in green, the Algerian national color. The mood is festive and honored with intense passion. Music and cultural events are put together to help raise the yearly revelry. Additional holidays observed on a fixed day are Labor Day (May 1st)and the Anniversary of the Revolution on November 1st. Certain annual holidays are observed on a movable basis. These particular days correspond to the moon phases on the calender for that year.

Ramadan
Ramadan is an example of such a time. The month long prayer and fasting falls on the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. During Ramdan, participants practice patience, humility and spirituality by fasting from dawn until the sun sets. Ramadan moves each year with the phases of the moon. It’s a spiritual month of revelation, forgiveness and guidance. The holiday of Eid ul-Fitr signals the end of the fasting, falling on the first new moon of the following month. Eid ul-Fitr (Festival of Breaking the Fast)holds a special celebration of feasting, charity, communal prayers and more.

Other holidays that shift with the moon phases are Islamic New Year, Ashoura and Eid ul-Adha.

Marriage is a committed union between two people. In Algeria this sacred union is taken seriously, as family is deeply interwoven into the society of the nation. Marriage is seen as a step of maturity in the life of Algerian citizens. It’s a family affair filled with giving and love. Here’s a quick look at a traditional Algerian wedding.

The Qur’an states that marriage should be based on love. Men and women are free to marry whomever they wish with the approval of the families involved. Parents have first-handed insight and experience where marriage is concerned. Their advice and guidance can be key to a couple about to embark on a new life together. When a man is interested in a woman, he often shares that knowledge with his mother. His mother then finds out more about the woman and her family. When all is agreeable, the man will visit the home of his prospective wife. He then asks the family for her hand in marriage. After she accepts, preparations begin with a date set to visit the mosque. Once the date is set, the engagement commences.

A shoura is collected by the families. It includes various household items, clothing, wool and gold. The shoura is given as a gift to help equip the couple on their new life together. Men and women have equal claim to the marriage. Getting to know each other well throughout the engagement is encouraged.

A grand meal offered at the wedding is often a direct reflection of a family’s generosity. Preparation of the wedding feast may begin weeks prior to the event. Many marriage rituals are passed down throughout the centuries, bringing a special sense of love and honor to the union. At times, traditional wedding dresses may be hand-crafted. The bride is adorned with henna and jewelry as she is cared for by the women in the family. The wedding is celebrated with food and music. Algerian weddings are a reflection of love and the spirit of giving.

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Nothing connects a community like the meals they share. Something about the familiar aroma of the food we grew up with can conjure up wonderful memories of our lives. In addition, many occasions in life are marked with the combination of celebration and food. A country’s food is its flavor. Algeria bursts with flavor. Here’s a sample of the culinary delights of Algeria.

What makes Algerian cuisine one-of-a-kind is a tasty blend of cultures. Touches of Morocco along with Turkish,French, Arabic and African influences lend a hand in the dishes of Algeria. Algeria is known for its fertile soil in the northern mountain region of the country. This gives the perfect environment for olive trees, figs, grapes and other plants to flourish.

Couscous is a wheat-based food that originated in Berber culture. Traditional preparation of couscous involves steaming and serving it under meat or vegetable stew. Many a mealtime is focused on a steaming dish of spicy couscous surrounded by slow-cooked meats such as lamb or chicken. Dates are also a household staple, eaten after meals, alongside fresh fruit. Couscous may often be prepared in the top layer of a bi-level dish called a couscousiere, with a stew contained in the bottom level of the pot.

A familiar breakfast dish in Algerian households is popular in other parts of North Africa as well. Chakchouka is made with fragrant ingredients such as garlic, paprika, onion and tomatoes, topped with an egg and served over rice, bread, or pita.

Known around the world, Merguez is a delicious spicy sausage made from lamb and/or beef. A touch of Algeria is added with spices such as sumac, cayenne pepper, and harisa. Harisa, a hot red chili paste is what gives this unique sausage its characteristic red hue. Merguez adds a kick to tagines (stews) as well as sandwiches. Mint tea and sweetened coffee are commonplace drinks. They are often offered to guests and enjoyed among good company. Delectable desserts like Makroudh and Asida have their place at the table as well. Algerian food offers the globe a unique taste of a unique nation.

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Bridges can be simple devices to carry us from one area to another. At times they can represent architectural beauty and design. In Algeria, the bridges of Constantine are picturesque and awe-provoking. The city of Constantine is home to some of the most striking of these structures worldwide. Take a glimpse at these monolithic marvels of Algeria.

The Constantine Province lays in Northeast Algeria. It’s capital city of the same name is home to a number of bridges that have great impact on the viewer. With a population of over 750,000 citizens, Constantine is the third largest city in Algeria. Notable Algerians born in Constantine include Nobel Prize winner in Physics Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, World Boxing Champion Alphonse Halimi, and distance runner Hassiba Boulmerka. Boulmerka is noted as the first Algerian to win an Olympic title.

The el-Kantara Bridge is an amazingly striking structure that stretches 420 feet (130 meters)across a gorge. The dimensions of its width vary from 15 feet to an expansive 1,200 feet. El-Kantara provides main access to the city. The bridge went through a series of restorations to preserve it in its state today. This bridge is worthy of postcards and paintings. Its natural beauty catches the eye.

The Sidi M’Cid Bridge is an Algerian icon in Constantine. This breathtaking suspension bridge opened to the public in April 1912. The 525 feet long suspension bridge connects the casbah to Sidi M’Cid hill. A distance of 575 feet dangles between the Sidi M’Cid bridge to the river gorge below. The bridge of Sidi Rached spans just over 1,466 feet long and 39 feet wide. Its curved arches can be seen printed on postcards.

The Mellah Slimane is a pedestrian bridge constructed between 1917 and 1925. This bridge stretches forward 410 feet long and connects the railway station with the center of the old town.

The Algerian bridges of Constantine are dramatic and can never be forgotten.

The most common language used in the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria is Arabic. Arabic is used in written documents and is estimated to be spoken by 81% of the population. The official language of Algeria since 1963, Arabic is taught in school to non-native speakers. There are various dialects of Arabic spoken throughout Algeria. Variations include Jijel Arabic, Tunisian Arabic and Adalusi Arabic. Algerian Arabic shows shades of influence by additional languages such as French, Turkish, and Berber.

A solid 27% of Algerians speak Berber.Berber is an old language from the Afro-Asiatic family of languages you can hear spoken in Algeria. As of May 8, 2002 Berber is recognized as The National Language of Algeria. Both Berber and Arabic is spoken by 99% of the population. Higher concentrations of Berber speakers can be found in Kabylia, The Aures Mountains, and among the Tuareg in the Sahara Desert.Dialects of Berber spoken include Kayble, Chaouia, and Chenoua. With an estimate of 2.6 million speakers of Kayble Berber in Kabylia alone, Berber definitely is deserving of its title as the National Language of Algeria.

Another language that helps color the Algerian landscape is French. Part of the common educational program, French is also utilized in both business, culture, and newspapers while having no official status in Algeria. Algerian Sign Language has been recognized by the government since 2002 as the major means of communication for the hearing-impaired community. Algerian Sign Language has helped shape the hearing-impaired community of Northern Morocco. Some additional languages that color the Algerian canvass include Catalan, Tachawit and Korandje.

Cell phone adoption is strong in Algeria and service is becoming available in many of the cities and denser population areas. Sprint , for instance, is available in 28 Algerian cities with a few models of phones that provide international service. But you may need to do some additional research to make sure you are prepared for traveling through Algeria if you have urgent communication needs. And don’t forget to look up the country code and city code of where you will be staying. As an example, if you were to call someone in Bejai, Algeria, you would first dial the international access number of 011, then the country code of 213, then the city code of 5, and then the local number. The actual amount of numbers will vary on the country in question, so don’t worry too much about that.

A cell phone could be your only access to broadband as well, while Algeria does have a very large number of Internet adopters compared to other African nations, it still isn’t as widely adopted as the United States. Again, you may be limited by the model of the phone. So do your research on your destination city and see if you can get a phone that will allow you access in the area. If your plan is for a long term stay in Alergia, then consider one of the local providers and  read up on Algeria communication laws.

As an Arabic-language author, Wattar used his writing as a platform examine his country’s strive for independence. Born in Sedratta, Mr. Wattar wrote as a journalist before turning his literary voice toward writing his first novel. In 1963, he founded weekly newspapers in the cities of Constantine and Algiers. His 1974 novels, published in Arabic, were among the first set of books to be done so since Algeria had gained it’s independence. Works he is most noted for include “Al Laz” (1974), “A Mules Wedding” (1978) and “The Fisherman and The Palace” (1980). His novels explored post-colonial history during a time when the nation struggled to formulate its autonomy out from 130 years of French rule.

The Arabic language, alongside the Islamic faith, played a pivotal part in spawning the independence of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria. As such, Wattar sounded off in opposition over Algeria’s authors who wrote in French.

An avid writer, he also penned plays and notable short stories such as “The Martyrs Are Coming Back This Week.” and “Smoke From My Heart”. The prolific novelist also chaired the Al Djahizia cultural association. The Al Djahizia function recognizes young Arab writers and poets each year, issuing awards for their contributions to the literary landscape.

The bold author who once called Algerian’s French-language writers “vestiges of colonialism”, weaved symbolism and analogy into his novels. He continued to publish well into his life, establishing a short story magazine in 1996. Tahar Wattar had succumbed to his struggle with cancer on Thursday.

The President of the Republic, along with his administration, assumes the responsibility of implementing the law. Civil and criminal legislation is the responsibility of Parliament; civil and criminal cases are the responsibility of the Courts.

Because the president is tasked with issues of the law, it’s important he take his job seriously. Serving as president does has its benefits during the five-year term. This is not just a time to take vacations and shop for pet insurance. First, the president and his wife must be fully Algerian and in the Muslim religion. After receiving a presidential nomination, the president is elected to the office by secret ballot.

Once elected, the president is responsible for:
• Assuring the continuity of the state of Algeria by monitoring the function of the constitution and its public powers.
• Appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister, who is the person in charge of the Government.
• Representing Algeria in international meetings and affairs.
• Ratifying treaties, declaring war and concluding peace (with Parliament’s approval).
• Nominating the highest military and civil officers (with recommendations by the Government).

The maximum amount of time the President of the Republic of Algeria can serve is two 5-year terms, for a total of 10 years.

Algerian music is a diverse representation of its people. The history of Algerian music has its roots in Andalusian style. Although the songs were influenced by Andalusian music, Algerian musicians definitely put their own personal North African spin on it. Traditional music in Algeria is saturated with culture and beauty. Sha-biii is a popular style of melodious folk music that offer up poetic storytelling of Algerian life. El Hajj Muhammad El Anka was famous for this style of music. Born on May 20, 1907 in Algiers, he made a name for himself as The Grand Master of Andalusian classical music. When he was thirteen years of age, El Anka’s talent was first recognized by orchestra leader sheik Mustapha Nador. Nador immediately folded the young teen into his group as a Tardji(tambourine player). While playing with the orchestra El Anka learned to play his favorite instrument, the mandolin. After a while, he took charge of organizing festivals and events for the orchestra when sheik Nador died. In his lifelong musical career, El Hajj Muhammad El Anka wrote close to 360 songs and produced approximately 130 records. Algerian Sha-bii music holds a tradition of sharing a moral message with the beauty of orchestral sounds. People still adore his music today.

Nuubaat, a musical style with an Ottoman influence, also gave rise to hawzii and rabaab. Hawzii is typically sung in the regional dialect of Northwestern Algeria. Many of the lyrics are taken from famous poets of the 16th to 19th century such as Ben Triki and Ben Salha. In the Berber region of Kabylia, the sounds of Kabylian folk music can be heard. Kabylian folk music is also enjoyed in France. Newer to the musical scene of Algeria is Rai. Algerian music is enjoyed worldwide for its diversity and beauty.

Even the best cell phone plans might not provide you with enough minutes to talk about all of the interesting quirks that exist in Algerian law books. France took over Algeria in 1830, and finally abdicated their rule in 1962. In that 132-year span, between the native religion of Islam and the interesting way the French have of looking at the world, there have been some compromises and developments that are only at home in Algeria. While the succession rights of families are rather intriguing, some of the statutes for divorce bear a good deal of further study. That is, if you enjoy puzzling over how societies handle ordinary events.

If an Algerian couple gets a divorce, there is often a payment to be made from one side to the other. If the man divorces the woman, he must sometimes pay her what is called maintenance, rather like a salary in exchange for being rid of her. If she has no family, this can actually continue until she remarries. And if the wife divorces her husband, she may have to pay him back the dowry he originally paid her for the marriage. And in cases where she keeps their children, their sons can be independent as young as age 10.

There are some very funky reasons why an Algerian woman may divorce her husband. For one thing, Algerian men may marry up to four women (in accordance with Islamic custom), though they must treat each co-wife equally. And he had better ante up on her other needs, as well. If a man fails to provide sexual relations to his wife more than four months, she may divorce him with the blessing of the courts. If he leaves their home for more than a year without a good reason, he might as well never come back. Another great reason is if he is imprisoned.

Because Algeria is still in the early stages of becoming a developing country, its systems for communication may seem immature and undeveloped. However, the country is placing a lot of effort on communication system improvements, such as higher rates of Internet and phone access. Tourists and other visitors will not feel like they are out of touch with home while in Algeria.

Some numbers and statistics place the number of phones in Algeria at five phones per 100 citizens. In 2004 the numbers state that there were approximately 2.288 million phone lines. Telephone service that is most reliable is in the main tourist region -northern Algeria. There is also an Algerian domestic satellite system that comprises 12 terrestrial stations with additional stations in the works. There are also underwater cables in addition to the satellites, all of which provided international calling services. Algeria is connection to France, Spain, Morocco and Tunisia using microwave technology. There are approximately 5 million cell users, according to 2005 numbers.

There is a generally satisfactory level of Internet access found in the main cities of Algeria. Approximately 1,1175 Internet hosts and 845,000 users were in Algeria as of 2005. Algiers, Oran and Constantine all have Internet cafes. Some hotels also have Internet access services for their guests. Tourists will find these outlets beneficial for checking email, confirming travel arrangements and such. Most Algerian websites originating out of the country are presented in both French and Arabic.

Learning about the history, culture and people of Algeria is the first step that needs to be undertaken when establishing or entering into a business relationship. This will help ensure the success of a business venture. Most local Algerians speak Arabic and there are some very unique customs found in the area. Many Algerians also speak French. This variety and uniqueness makes the successful business transaction almost an art. Other formalities and customs that, if learned and correctly navigated, can make the transaction or business dealing smooth sailing.

Understanding Algeria’s long history of conflict will help establish business dealings. Because of this history, Algerian business people trust those who have built an understanding of who they are. This means building bridges and rapport as well as a strong basis of trust.

Unlike the business casual aspect that the U.S. tends to yield to; such as meetings changed and even cancelled within hours, using temp agencies (associates outside the business who have not been established as trust worthy), and fixing financial bumps with pay day loans, Algerian business is conducted with more tradition and consistency.

Also, keep in mind that the personal space of Algerians is much different that Americans or Europeans. There is a much closer space between people and often there is physical touching such as holding arms. It is wise to accept and imitate these cultural behaviors. Any favors you perform will be repaid and never ever cause a prospective client public embarrassment.

Any business contact collateral that you intend on pass out such as business cards should be translated into both Arabic and French. And it is important to note that you always use your right hand when giving and receiving. Setting of appointments should be made far in advanced and confirmed a few days prior to the actual meeting or event.

Because Algeria is an Islamic country attempt to avoid setting appointments or meetings that may fall on days of religious observances or events. While you should arrive on time for appointments, you may find yourself waiting for your Algerian counterpart. And interestingly, women are not equals in the Algerian business arena, so if possible, send a male associate.

* First of all, do not bring alcohol with you. It is a safer bet that your hosts do not drink.
* Remember to take off your shoes at the door.
* Be aware that men and women are not seated together.
* When entering any room containing people, always extend a greeting to the eldest person first. Then make your way around the room from your right and greet people individually as you go.
* It is considered to be polite for women to offer their help to the hostess in preparing the meal, setting the table and clearing the table following the meal. Most likely, the offer will be declined but is still appreciated.

When eating a meal at an Algerian home, there are several ways to dine. These include sitting on low couches around a large table, or on floor mats around a table low to the floor. Make an effort to wash your hands both before and after eating as food is typically eaten with the hands. If couscous is served, it will be eaten with a tablespoon. A fork is used to eat stew. If you are not sure what to do, follow the example of people sitting near you.

Always use only your right hand to eat and pass dishes around. Since you will be encouraged to eat more, start off with small servings so you can eat more of the main dish. When you are through eating, leave some food on your plate or it will be filled again.